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TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.3 Geology............................................................................................................................... 1 2.3.1 Geology Narrative – General and Regional ................................................................. 1 2.3.2 Study Area Narrative .................................................................................................... 3 2.3.2.1 Study Area Geology........................................................................................... 3 2.3.2.2 Study Area Stratigraphy (including coal) .......................................................... 4 2.3.2.3 Study Area Subsurface Geologic Analysis ...................................................... 13 2.3.2.4 Study Area Geologic Structure ........................................................................ 15 2.3.2.5 Previous Mining ............................................................................................... 15 2.3.2.6 Oil and Gas Wells Within and Near the Study Area........................................ 15 2.3.2.7 Uranium Deposits in Southwest North Dakota ................................................ 16 2.3.3 Overburden Sampling and Analysis ........................................................................... 17 2.3.3.1 Overburden Sampling ...................................................................................... 18 2.3.3.2 Borehole Abandonment ................................................................................... 20 2.3.3.3 Overburden Sample Analysis .......................................................................... 21 2.3.3.4 Overburden Analyses ....................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Summary of Overburden Characteristics ................................................................... 23 2.3.4.1 Summary of Overburden Geology ................................................................... 24 2.3.4.2 Sodium Adsorption Ratio ................................................................................ 24 2.3.4.3 Electrical Conductivity .................................................................................... 27 2.3.4.4 Paste pH ........................................................................................................... 27 2.3.4.5 Saturation Percentage....................................................................................... 28 2.3.4.6 Texture ............................................................................................................. 28 2.3.4.7 Acid Base Accounting ..................................................................................... 28 2.3.4.8 Whole Rock Acid Digestion for Metals Analysis ............................................ 29 2.3.4.9 Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure/Ground Water Leaching Procedure ......................................................................................................................... 30 2.3.4.10 Summary of Overburden within Mine Pit Boundaries .................................... 34 2.3.5 Lithologic Logs .......................................................................................................... 35 2.3.5.1 2002 Lithologic Logs ....................................................................................... 35 2.3.5.2 Phase I and 2009 Lithologic Logs ................................................................... 35 2.3.5.3 Phase II, Phase III, and 2010 Lithologic Logs ................................................. 35 2.3.5.4 Shallow Overburden Lithologic Logs .............................................................. 37 2.3.6 Geophysical Logs ....................................................................................................... 37 2.3.6.1 2002 Geophysical Logs.................................................................................... 37 2.3.6.2 Phase I and 2009 Geophysical Logs ................................................................ 38 2.3.6.3 Phase II, Phase III, and 2010 Geophysical Logs.............................................. 38 2.3.6.4 Geophysical Logs Relative to Overburden Geochemistry ............................... 38 2.3.7 Coal Quality Characteristics Narrative and Data ....................................................... 40 2.3.7.1 Coal Quality Data ............................................................................................ 40 2.3.7.2 Summary of Coal Core Laboratory Data ......................................................... 43 2.3.7.3 Coal Analysis Summary within the Study Area .............................................. 43 2.3.7.4 Coal Quality Summary within the Permit Area ............................................... 45

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.3-1 Table 2.3-2 Table 2.3-3 Table 2.3-4 Table 2.3-5 Table 2.3-6 Table 2.3-7 Table 2.3-8 Table 2.3-9 Table 2.3-10 Table 2.3-11 Table 2.3-12 Table 2.3-13 Table 2.3-14 Table 2.3-15 Table 2.3-16 Table 2.3-17 Table 2.3-18 Table 2.3-19 Table 2.3-20 Table 2.3-21 North Dakota Generalized Stratigraphic Column for the Williston Basin Correlation of the Lignite Terminology between the SHLM, Northern Pacific Railway Company (NPRC) and the USGS North Dakota Previous Mines Overburden Sampling and Analysis Programs Borehole Data for 2002, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and 2009, and 2010 Boreholes for Overburden and Coal Characterization Borehole Data for South Heart Shallow Overburden Boreholes for Overburden Characterization Overburden Analytes-Suite One Overburden Analytes-Suite Two Summary of 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 Overburden Data for Overburden Analysis Summary of Shallow Overburden Data for Overburden Analysis Suite Two Results: Acid Base Accounting Suite Two Results: Whole Rock Acid Digestion for Metals Suite Two Results: Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure Suite Two Results: Comparison of Ground Water Leaching Procedure to SPLP Available 2002 Boreholes with Lithologic Logs Depth of Subsurface Water Encountered in Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, 2009, 2010, and Shallow Overburden Boreholes 2002 Boreholes with Geophysical Logs Available Boreholes with Coal Quality Data Presented in the Maps Summary of Pre-2006 Coal Quality Lab Data Summary of Coal Quality Analysis for All South Heart Cored Holes Summary of Coal Analysis of Rotary Boreholes for 2006, and 2007, and 2010 Drilling

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.3-1 Figure 2.3-2A Figure 2.3-2B Figure 2.3-2C Figure 2.3-2D Figure 2.3-3 Figure 2.3-4 Figure 2.3-5 Figure 2.3-6 Figure 2.3-7 Figure 2.3-8 Figure 2.3-9 Figure 2.3-10 Figure 2.3-11 Figure 2.3-12 Figure 2.3-13 Figure 2.3-14 Figure 2.3-15 Figure 2.3-16 Figure 2.3-17A Geology Study Area with Borehole Locations Overview of Study Area Geology Study Area Geology Sheet 1 of 3 Study Area Geology Sheet 2 of 3 Study Area Geology Sheet 3 of 3 Stratigraphic Column Geologic Cross-Sections HT Butte Coal Thickness D Coal Thickness D Coal Overburden Thickness E1 Coal Thickness E Coal Thickness F Coal Thickness HT Butte Coal Bottom Structure D Seam Coal Bottom Structure E1 Seam Coal Bottom Structure E Seam Coal Bottom Structure Location of Previous Underground and Surface Mines Locations of Oil and Gas Wells, and Underground and Surface Mines Overburden Sampling Boreholes

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Revision 1 Figure 2.3-17B Figure 2.3-17C Figure 2.3-18A Figure 2.3-18B Figure 2.3-19 Figure 2.3-20 Figure 2.3-21 Figure 2.3-22 Figure 2.3-23 Figure 2.3-24 Figure 2.3-25 Figure 2.3-26 Figure 2.3-27 Figure 2.3-28 Figure 2.3-29 Figure 2.3-30 Figure 2.3-31 Figure 2.3-32 Figure 2.3-33 Figure 2.3-34 Figure 2.3-35 Figure 2.3-36 Figure 2.3-37 Figure 2.3-38 Figure 2.3-39 Figure 2.3-40

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Shallow Overburden Boreholes Boreholes with Suite Two Analyses SAR, E.C., and Lithologic Units for SHOB-05, SHOB-14, SHOB-22, SHOB-27, SHOB-33, and SHOB-38 SAR, E.C., and Lithologic Units for SHOB-07, SHOB-16, and SHOB-29 Box and Whisker Plot of Texture vs. SAR Current and Historic Boreholes with Lithologic Logs Current and Historic Boreholes with Geophysical Logs Examples of Geophysical Logs for Gamma Ray Analysis Drill Hole Locations (Core Holes, Quality Modeled) Drill Hole Locations (Rotary Holes) E Coal Heating Value (BTU/lb) (As-Received Basis) E Coal Sulfur Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E Coal Sodium Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E Coal Moisture Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E Coal Ash Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E1 Coal Heating Value (BTU/lb) (As-Received Basis) E1 Coal Sulfur Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E1 Coal Sodium Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E1 Coal Moisture Content (%) (As-Received Basis) E1 Coal Ash Content (%) (As-Received Basis) D Coal Heating Value (BTU/lb) (As-Received Basis) D Coal Sulfur Content (%) (As-Received Basis) D Coal Sodium Content (%) (As-Received Basis) D Coal Moisture Content (%) (As-Received Basis) D Coal Ash Content (%) (As-Received Basis) HT Butte Coal Quality (As-Received Basis)

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 2.3-1 Appendix 2.3-2 Appendix 2.3-3 Appendix 2.3-4 Appendix 2.3-5 Appendix 2.3-6 Appendix 2.3-7 Appendix 2.3-8 Appendix 2.3-9 Appendix 2.3-10 Appendix 2.3-11 Appendix 2.3-12 Appendix 2.3-13 Appendix 2.3-14 Appendix 2.3-15 Appendix 2.3-16 Appendix 2.3-17 Appendix 2.3-18 Appendix 2.3-19 Appendix 2.3-20 Previous Mine Search Results NDIC DMR, Oil and Gas Division Well Search Results Well No. 6369 Well No. 4975 Summary of 2002 Overburden Analyses by Borehole Summary of Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 Overburden Analyses by Borehole within the Study Area Summary of Shallow Overburden Analyses by Borehole within the Study Area 2002 Overburden Laboratory Data Sheets Phase I and , Phase II, and 2010 Overburden Laboratory Data Sheets Phase III Overburden Laboratory Data Sheets Shallow Overburden Laboratory Data Sheets Suite Two Analyses Laboratory Data Sheets 2002 Lithologic Logs within the Study Area Phase II and, Phase III and 2010 Lithologic Logs within the Study Area Shallow Overburden Lithologic Logs within the Study Area 2002 Geophysical Logs within the Study Area Phase II and, Phase III, and 2010 Geophysical Logs within the Study Area Coal Logs 2007 within the Study Area Detailed Incremental Analyses for the Cored Holes within the Study Area Detailed Incremental Analyses for the Rotary Holes within the Study Area

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The following presentation of environmental resource information is in accordance with: • • • • • Section 38-14.1-14(1)(r)(s)(q), North Dakota Century Code (NDCC); Section 38-14.1-14(2)(m), NDCC; Section 69-05.2-08-02, North Dakota Administrative Code (NDAC); Section 69-05.2-08-04, NDAC; and Section 69-05.2-08-05, NDAC.

The Geology Study Area (Study Area) includes the area within the Permit Boundary and additional areas outside the permit boundary as shown on Figure 2.3-1. The Study Area is located

approximately two miles southwest of South Heart, Stark County, North Dakota. 2.3.1 Geology Narrative – General and Regional

The South Heart Lignite Mine (SHLM) is located in the western portion of Stark County, North Dakota within the Great Plains physiographic province. Within North Dakota this physiographic province is divided into the Missouri Plateau (or Missouri Slope Upland), Little Missouri Badlands, Coteau Slope, and Missouri Coteau (Biek and Murphy 1997). Stark County is located in the

southwest part of the state, mostly within the unglaciated part of the Missouri Plateau. Stark County and the Study Area are characterized by rolling to hilly topography, the result of erosion of generally flat-lying, easily eroded sedimentary rocks (Missouri River Basin Commission 1978, Biek and Murphy 1995). The Study Area is located on the southern flank of the Williston Basin. The Williston Basin is a structural and sedimentary basin that covers an area including the western half of North Dakota, part of northeastern Montana, northwest South Dakota, and parts of the Saskatchewan and Manitoba Provinces in Canada (Carlson and Anderson 1965). Initially, the Williston Basin was a depression in the regional craton in which a relatively complete sedimentary sequence has filled. The Williston Basin includes sedimentary rocks from every geologic period from the Cambrian through the Tertiary (Carlson and Anderson 1965).

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Carlson and Anderson (1965) describe the sedimentary history of the North Dakota part of the Williston Basin. The stratigraphic record has been subdivided into Sequence subdivisions that are separated by unconformities. The Sequence and Periods, with their associated groups or formations, are summarized in Table 2.3-1. Carlson and Anderson (1965) described the Sequences from oldest to youngest. The Sauk Sequence (Cambrian to Lower Ordovician) is predominantly composed of carbonate with basal sandstone that is overlain by shale, carbonate, and sandstone. The Tippecanoe Sequence (Middle Ordovician to Silurian) was deposited when the Williston Basin was a slight depression, and appears to be a transgressive event with the seas invading the area from the south and east. During most of this Sequence an extensive epicontinental sea covered the basin. During the Kaskaskia Sequence

(Devonian and Mississippian), the Williston Basin was a more tectonically negative area than during the Sauk or Tippecanoe Sequences. The initial deposits appear to represent a transgressive sea spreading across the basin from the north and west as the Williston Basin was incorporated by a larger Devonian seaway. The Absaroka Sequence (Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Triassic) and Zuni Sequence (Jurassic and Cretaceous) contain predominantly clastic materials. During the Jurassic and Cretaceous sequence, a wide-spread sea covered the western interior of the North American continent, including North Dakota. The Tejas Sequence (Tertiary) is mostly non-marine deposits (Fort Union Group, Golden Valley, and White River) derived from a western source area. The only marine deposits in the Tejas Sequence are in the Cannonball Formation of the Fort Union Group (Carlson and Anderson 1965). These deposits were followed by glacial deposits in the northern part of the Williston Basin and outwash and alluvial deposits in the southern part of the Williston Basin. The surface geology of southwestern North Dakota is characterized by thousands of square miles of semi-consolidated, flat-lying, Tertiary sedimentary formations (Tejas Sequence) and, in the extreme southwestern part of the state, marine Cretaceous sediments from the Hell Creek Formation of the Zuni Sequence (Bluemle 2000, Trapp and Croft 1975). In many areas of western North Dakota, these flat-lying sediments have been eroded into areas of buttes, mesas, and badlands topography (Bluemle 2000). Many of the local drainages and stream valleys are in-filled with Quaternary

alluvium derived from the surrounding bedrock. Generally southwest of the Missouri River, glacial deposits are a minor occurrence, while north, northeast, and east of the Missouri River glacial deposits dominant the surface geology of North Dakota (Bluemle 2000).

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The Study Area is located within parts of Sections 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 20, 24, 28, 29, and 33 Township 139 North (T139N) Range 98 West (R98W), a portion of Section 3 T138N R98W, and all of Sections 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 27, 34 T139N R98W (Figure 2.3-1). Elevations within the Study Area vary from approximately 2,470 feet (ft) or 753 meters (m) above mean sea level (amsl) in the northeast corner of the Study Area near the Heart River to approximately 2,711 ft (826 m) amsl in the northwest. As described above, the Study Area is within the Great Plains physiographic province and lies mostly within the unglaciated part of the Missouri Plateau. The Study Area is part of the Dickinson Lignite Area (Armstrong 1984) and exhibits landforms typical of unglaciated terrain, such as unglaciated rolling plains with scattered buttes (Roberts 1994). The physiographic features within the Study Area are shown on Figure 2.3-1. The Study Area is located southwest of the confluence of the South Branch Heart River with the Heart River and west and southwest of the town of South Heart, North Dakota. On the north side of the Study Area is the Heart River, while the South Branch Heart River transects diagonally, southwest to northeast across the Study Area. downstream to the east, from the Study Area toward the town of Dickinson. 2.3.2.1 Study Area Geology The Heart River flows

The primary coal-bearing stratigraphic units in the area are the relatively flat-lying Sentinel Butte Formation and the deeper Tongue River Formation. As shown in Table 2.3-1, the Sentinel Butte Formation, along with the Tongue River Formation (also referred to as the Bullion Creek Formation (Flores and Keighin 1999)), the Slope Formation, the Ludlow Formation, and the Cannonball Formation, make up the larger Fort Union Group (Trapp and Croft 1975, Clayton et al. 1977). Field mapping was conducted for the surficial geology within the Study Area from October 1 to October 8, 2006 and from June 19 to June 20, 2007. From the Fort Union Group, only the Tongue River Formation and the shallower Sentinel Butte Formation are found at or near the surface in the Study Area. It is the Sentinel Butte Formation and the Tongue River Formation with their numerous coal seams that are of primary interest in the Study Area. The Golden Valley Formation lies on top of the Sentinel Butte Formation and occurs in the western part of the Study Area (Trapp and Croft 1975) and occurs south of the South Branch Heart River (Murphy et al. 1993). Geology within the Study Area is shown on Figure 2.3-2A, Figure 2.3-2B, Figure 2.3-2C, and Figure 2.3-2D

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The Fort Union Group and the Golden Valley Formation consist of palustrine to fluvio-deltaic sediments and may contain localized channel sandstone and overbank deposits. These deposits indicate that a network of anastomosing streams dominated this setting. The deposits are generally fine-grained and reflect a quiescent depositional environment (Hickey 1977, Clechenko et al. 2007). The large regional structure of the Williston Basin is interrupted in many areas by small structures such as folds and faults (Biek and Murphy 1995). One such local structure is the southwest-northeast trending syncline that occurs in the Little Badlands. The northwest edge of the Little Badlands is approximately 1½ miles southeast from the southeast corner (Section 3 T138N R98W) of the Study Area. The Little Badlands syncline axis, approximately 2¼ miles southeast of the southeast corner of the Study Area, passes through Section 31, 30, 29, 21, 22 T138N R 98W, and bending more northeast in Section 23 T138N R98W and continuing up through Section 32 T139N R97W (Murphy et al. 1993). The Study Area is located on the northwest limb of the syncline, which generally results in dipping of beds to the southeast. In addition, Menge (1977) mapped a fault just outside of the town of South Heart. The fault is a normal fault with no more than 15 ft (4.6 m) of vertical displacement with the downthrown block on the west side and a trace of about 6 miles (10 km). The fault trends due north from the east side of Section 25, 24, 13, 12 T139N R98W and directly east of the town of South Heart, the fault then trends northwest through Section 12, 11, 2, 3 T13N R98W and Section 34 T140N R98W. However, this fault does not occur within the Study Area. This fault shows no evidence of Quaternary movement and, therefore, is not considered an active fault. 2.3.2.2 Study Area Stratigraphy (including coal)

Due to the relatively shallow nature of the coal and associated stratigraphic units that may be impacted during mining operations, this section is limited to formations above the Pierre Shale. These units are discussed below from oldest to youngest. Figure 2.3-3 presents the stratigraphic column. The discussion below is based on published articles, field observations from this baseline study, and data collected as part of the mine plan process. Fox Hills Formation (Cretaceous) The Fox Hills Formation total thickness ranges from 240 to 410 ft (73 to 125 m) in Hettinger and Stark counties (Trapp and Croft 1975). The Fox Hills Formation is Cretaceous in age and consists of interbedded very fine to medium-grained sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and rarely, a few thin beds of carbonaceous and lignitic shale (Trapp and Croft 1975). The Fox Hills Formation does not crop

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out in the Study Area, but occurs in the subsurface (Trapp and Croft 1975). Trapp and Croft (1975) mapped the top of Fox Hills Formation within the Study Area at an elevation of approximately 1,000 ft (305 m) amsl to 1,060 ft (323 m) amsl which is approximately 1,460 ft (445 m) to 1,540 ft (469 m) below the land surface. The Fox Hills Formation was not encountered during drilling for this baseline study program or observed in the field. Hell Creek Formation (Cretaceous) The Hell Creek Formation can be both conformable or unconformable (Daly 1986) with the underling Fox Hills Formation and its total thickness is 220 to 510 ft (67 to 155 m) in Hettinger and Stark counties (Trapp and Croft 1975). According to Trapp and Croft (1975), the total thickness for the Hell Creek Formation within the Study Area is approximately 440 to 490 ft (134 to 149 m). The Hell Creek Formation does not crop out in the Study Area; however, it does occur in the subsurface. Trapp and Croft (1975) mapped the top of the Hell Creek Formation within the Study Area at an elevation of approximately 1,500 ft (457 m) amsl to 1,560 ft (476 m) amsl, which is estimated to be approximately 990 ft (302 m) to 1,050 ft (320 m) below the land surface in the Study Area. These depths are estimated and based on literature values because boreholes drilled for this baseline study program in the Study Area did not penetrate to these depths. The Hell Creek Formation is Cretaceous in age and consists of siltstone, bentonitic and carbonaceous claystone, shale, and fine- to medium-grained sandstone (Frye 1969, Trapp and Croft 1975). Sideritic nodules and concretions occur in zones (Trapp and Croft 1975). Fort Union Group (Tertiary) The Fort Union Group consists of, in ascending order, the Ludlow, Cannonball, and Slope Formations, the Tongue River Formation (Bullion Creek), and the Sentinel Butte Formation (Clayton et al. 1980), each of which is discussed below. Royse (1967) studied the Tongue River-Sentinel Butte contact in western North Dakota and determined that within the Fort Union Group these two units should be elevated to formational status from member status. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) confirmed the formational status; however, they have left the decision of member or formation status to the author (Biek and Murphy 1995). Therefore, in articles pre-1967 the Fort Union Group was known as Fort Union Formation, the Tongue River Formation was known as Tongue River Member and the Sentinel Butte Formation was known as Sentinel Butte Member.

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Clayton et al. (1977) assigned the name Bullion Creek to replace Tongue River Formation and added Slope Formation to resolve problems of correlating Paleocene rocks between North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana. The use of Bullion Creek Formation and Slope Formation are recognized by the North Dakota Geological Survey while USGS recognizes Tongue River for the Williston Basin in North Dakota (Flores and Keighin 1999). Therefore, papers before 1977 do not use the terminology Bullion Creek Formation or Slope Formation, but this terminology is now accepted in North Dakota. Slope, Ludlow and Cannonball Formations Trapp and Croft (1975), written prior to 1977, does not include the Slope Formation, but gives excellent descriptions of the Ludlow and Cannonball Formations within the Study Area. Within the Study Area, Trapp and Croft (1975) show both the Ludlow and Cannonball Formations present in the subsurface. The combined thickness of the two formations is 310 to 650 ft (94 to 198 m). The top of the Ludlow Formation occurs 275 to 755 ft (84 m to 230 m) below land surface. The Cannonball Formation occurs at a depth estimated to be approximately 700 ft (213 m) to 650 ft (198 m) below the land surface in the Study Area (Trapp and Croft 1975). In the Williston Basin, the Ludlow and Cannonball Formations were deposited contemporaneously with the Ludlow Formation found in the western portion of the basin. The Ludlow Formation was deposited in a continental environment, whereas the Cannonball Formation was deposited in a marine environment. The Cannonball Formation is the youngest marine strata known in the northern Great Plains (Trapp and Croft 1975). The Ludlow Formation consists of green and brown carbonaceous claystone, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and lignite (i.e., coal). Herein, the terms ‘lignite’ and ‘coal’ may be used interchangeably since lignite actually refers to a specific quality or grade of coal. The sandstone is generally coarser-grained in the Ludlow Formation than the sandstone units in the Cannonball Formation. The Cannonball Formation consists of claystone and siltstone with a

thickness of 50 to 200 ft (15 to 61 m) within the Study Area. These beds thin westward and interfinger with the Ludlow Formation (Trapp and Croft 1975). The Slope Formation was first recognized by Clayton et al. (1977). In central North Dakota the Slope Formation lies on Cannonball Formation while on western North Dakota the Slope Formation lies on the Ludlow Formation (Clayton et al. 1977). The Slope Formation is lithologically nearly identical to the Ludlow Formation. The top of the Slope Formation is marked by an interpreted weathering zone called the “Rhame Bed” (Clayton et al. 1980). The Slope Formation is about 295 feet (90 meters) thick and consists of unlithified sediment of clay, silt, sand, and lignite. The color is usually brownish gray (Clayton et al. 1977).

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Tongue River Formation (Bullion Creek Formation) The thickness of the Tongue River Formation is approximately 250 to at least 570 ft (76 to 174 m). The Tongue River Formation is predominantly sandstone interbedded with claystone, coal, carbonaceous shale, and bentonitic claystone (Trapp and Croft 1975). The Tongue River Formation is not well cemented (Royse 1972). Throughout most of southwestern North Dakota, the contact between the Tongue River Formation and the overlying Sentinel Butte Formation is marked by lignite or lignitic shale referred to as the HT Butte lignite (or coal) (Biek and Gonzalez 2001). The HT Butte coal ranges from several inches to several tens of feet in thickness (Biek and Gonzalez 2001). The HT Butte coal is regionally extensive (Trapp and Croft 1975). A basal sandstone unit thickness in the Tongue River Formation is variable; typically it is 50 ft (15 m) thick, but can range up to 199 ft thick (61 m) (Trapp and Croft 1975). The formation is typically lighter in color than the overlying Sentinel Butte Formation (Trapp and Croft 1975). Royse (1970, 1972) examined 350 samples and reports that Tongue River Formation (average mean phi is about 6.6 phi) is slightly coarser than the Sentinel Butte Formation (average mean phi is about 5.9 phi). The Sentinel Butte Formation is better sorted than the Tongue River Formation. The Tongue River Formation was encountered in eleven boreholes (SHMW-04, SHMW-06, SHMW-10, SHOB-02R, SHOB-08R, SHOB-21R, SHOB-30C, SHOB-34R, SHOB-47R,

SHMW-03HTB, and SHMW-08HTB) within the Study Area drilled for this baseline study program, based on lithologic and borehole geophysical logs. Based on these Study Area boreholes, the maximum depth to the Tongue River was 286 ft (87 m), the minimum depth was 170 ft (51.7 m), and the average depth was 211 ft (64 m). As documented in the geology database, the Tongue River Formation was encountered in four historical boreholes (84, 85, SH02-11C, and USGS-103) within the Study Area prior to this baseline study program. Golder did not observe the Tongue River Formation in outcrops during the geologic field mapping for this baseline study. The Tongue River Formation observed in the boreholes was either a sandy claystone (interbedded with well sorted, very fine-grained, clayey sandstone, shale, claystone, coal, siltstone), or fine sandy siltstone. The color of this formation in the baseline study boreholes is usually dark gray with some portions becoming light gray to medium gray and medium dark gray to olive gray. In SHMW-10D2, shale with very waxy surfaces was encountered at a depth of approximately 218 ft (66.4 m). Clayton et al. (1977) states the Bullion Creek is mostly light yellow.

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The reported thickness of Sentinel Butte Formation is up to 600 ft (183 m) (Biek and Murphy 1995, Jacob 1976). Sentinel Butte sediments were deposited under low-energy alluvial conditions

characterized by high sinuosity streams and flood plain systems that include swamps and lakes (Forsman 1985). They are freshwater deposits. The Sentinel Butte Formation is predominantly composed of siltstones and mudstones and consists of silty fine-grained sandstones, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, and coal (Forsman 1985, Trapp and Croft 1975). A description of the coal deposits is presented later. The rocks are usually not well cemented; the well cemented beds are usually channel sandstones that form ledges or cap rocks (Biek and Murphy 1997). The claystone can be bentonitic or carbonaceous (Trapp and Croft 1975). The dominant clay-mineral fraction is smectite, usually sodium montmorillonite (Clechenko et al. 2007), while kaolinite and illite are minor (Forsman 1985). The framework grains include volcanic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (Forsman 1985). However, Forsman (1985) stated that rock fragments in the Sentinel Butte Formation were difficult to classify due to grain size in many samples. Cement development in the siltstones and sandstones is pore-lining montmorillonite precipitation preceding pore-filling zeolite development, which was followed by calcite or dolomite cement (Forsman 1985). Pyrite does not appear to be common throughout the Sentinel Butte Formation (Forsman 1985); however, Moran et al. (1978) state that pyrite is associated with the Sentinel Butte coals. Thick beds of sandstone in the lower part of the Sentinel Butte Formation are important sources of ground water in the Study Area (Trapp and Croft 1975), which is discussed in more detail in Section 2.5. The Sentinel Butte Formation is the most widespread near-surface Tertiary formation exposed in the Study Area (Bluemle 1975). The Sentinel Butte Formation is the predominant rock unit observed in the baseline study boreholes. This unit occurs above the D Coal (Fryburg) and above the HT Butte Coal (HT Butte). The Sentinel Butte Formation observed in baseline study boreholes is mostly siltstones and mudstones and consists of silty very fine- to fine-grained sandstones (occasional medium- to coarse-grained sandstone), siltstone, mudstone, claystone, shale, and coal. The rocks are usually not well cemented, but contain some well cemented beds. Some of the claystone appears to be laminated. Color (Munsell Color 1998) is usually gray and varies from light gray (N6 to N8), olive brown (5Y 5/6) medium olive brown (5Y 4/4) grayish olive (10Y 4/2), pale olive (10Y 6/2), olive gray (5Y 4/1), greenish gray (5GY 4/1), or light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4). The formation may contain carbonate nodules, layers, or stringers and may contain siderite nodules. Pyrite is commonly

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also observed in the vicinity of the coal. Fossils sometimes include wood fragments, seeds, and plant leaves. In the geologic field mapping, well cemented rock layers were observed to be associated with channel sandstones that form ledges or cap rocks. Ripple marks and cross-beds were observed in these channel sands. Golden Valley Formation The Golden Valley Formation’s stratigraphic position is near the top of the depositional sequence and erosion has removed most of the formation in the general area; however, a maximum preserved thickness of 180 ft (55 m) has been observed (Hickey 1972). The basal contact of the Golden Valley Formation is conformable with the Sentinel Butte Formation except where channeling has occurred (Hickey 1977, Clechenko et al. 2007). The Golden Valley Formation consists of claystone, mudstone, siltstone, micaceous sandstone, and coal. These rocks were deposited under predominantly fluvial conditions during the late Paleocene and early Eocene Epochs. The Formation occurs as scattered erosional remnants with a maximum thickness of 180 ft (55 m). The Golden Valley Formation is divisible into two members: the lower Bear Den Member and the upper Camels Butte Member (Hickey 1972, Clechenko et al. 2007). The Bear Den Member is a light gray to brightly colored kaolinitic unit that is 5 to 65 ft (1.5 to 20 m) thick. The Bear Den Member usually has a basal gray zone, a middle orange zone, and a

carbonaceous upper zone. The gray zone is usually 3 to 6 ft (0.9 to 1.8 m) thick, light to medium gray mudstone, siltstone, and fine- to medium-grained sandstone. The orange zone is usually 10 to 15 ft (3 to 4.6 m) thick, of light gray to white clay with limonite concretions creating an orange coloration in weathered exposures (Biek and Murphy 1997). The Alamo Bluff lignite or lateral equivalent, the Taylor bed, marks the upper boundary of the Bear Den Member. The Alamo Bluff lignite is usually 1 inch to 3 inches (2.5 cm to 7.6 cm) thick, but at its type locality the Alamo Bluff lignite reaches up to 5.5 ft (1.7 m) thick. The Taylor bed is usually 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 cm) thick and is usually silcrete strewn with plant stem molds (Biek and Murphy 1995). The silcrete is usually polished. Within the Study Area, silcrete is usually found in the gravel deposits. The Camels Butte Member is a micaceous, illitic and montmorillonitic siltstone, claystone and sandstone that contains several discontinuous thin lignite beds that are occasionally silicified.

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The sandstone beds are locally conglomeratic (Biek and Murphy 1995). The hill located in the northeast quarter Section 17 T139N R98W and the northwest quarter Section 18 T139N R98W is interpreted as the Camels Butte Member of the Golden Valley Formation by its stratigraphic position. The Camels Butte Member is as much as 150 ft (46 m) thick (Hickey 1977). The Golden Valley Formation was observed during baseline geologic field mapping. It was not encountered during drilling for this baseline study program. As observed by baseline field mapping, the Golden Valley Formation consists of claystone, mudstone, siltstone, micaceous sandstone, micrite, and coal. The Golden Valley is recognized by a slight change in topographic slope and is weathered at the surface. The Formation is usually covered by vegetation and/or soil; however where sandstone outcrops occur the sandstone is usually a well sorted fine- to medium-grained sandstone and may be cemented with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), but is usually poorly cemented. Poor cross-beds may also be present. Color (Munsell Color 1998) is variable from pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2), yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), or very pale brown (10YR 7/3). White River Group and Arikaree Formation The White River Group and the Arikaree Formation occur above the Golden Valley Formation; however, these formations do not occur within the Study Area and are not further discussed herein. Regional Coal Deposits Coal is found in the Hell Creek Formation, Ludlow Formation, Tongue River Formation, Sentinel Butte Formation, and Golden Valley Formation (Menge 1977). The coal seams within the Hell Creek Formation, Ludlow Formation, and the Golden Valley Formation are too thin and lenticular to be of significant economic importance. Coal seams with sufficient thickness and lateral continuity

for economic value are restricted to the Tongue River and Sentinel Butte Formations (Menge 1977). The USGS and the Northern Pacific Railroad Company (NPRC) have both mapped the area extensively and each have established their own nomenclature for delineating specific coal beds. The terminology used by NPRC and the USGS for the major coal beds has been correlated with the coal beds identified for the SHLM (Table 2.3-2). A summary of this correlation is described in the Local Coal Deposits section of this report. Regional coal seam characteristics for these coal beds from NPRC and Menge (1977) are described below. The primary coal being targeted for the proposed mining activities is the D Coal (or Fryburg).

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North of the Interstate 94, and thus north of the Study Area, Keim (1961) studied the coals of a 60 square mile area and indicated that the D Coal (Fryburg) is approximately 10 to 18 ft (3 to 5.5 m) thick with approximately 45 to 60 ft (14 to 18.3 m) of overburden above the D Coal, but below the E Coal (Heart River). The E Coal is 9 to 12 ft (3 to 3.7 m) thick and is separated by a 0 to 6 ft parting from the E1 coal, which is 0 to 3 ft (0 to 0.9 m) thick. Menge’s (1977) study area includes a 620 square mile area around the town of Dickinson, both north and south of the Interstate, including the Geologic Study Area. Menge (1977) concentrated on the C Coal, D Coal (Fryburg), E Coal (Heart River), Lehigh Coal, and Dickinson Coal. According to results from the Menge study, the C Coal has a maximum thickness of 44 ft (13.4 m). The C Coal only occurs north of the Interstate in T141N R98W, T141N R97W, T142N R98W, T142N R97W, and pinches out to the south in the northern part of T140N. Menge (1977) states that the D Coal has a maximum thickness of 20 ft (6 m) and an average thickness of 10 ft (3 m) and has significant recoverable resources. The E Coal (or Heart River) has a maximum thickness of 29 ft (8.8 m) with an average thickness of 8 ft (2.4 m). The E Coal pinches out to the northwest and is an important recoverable resource. The Lehigh Coal is relatively thin and is not thick enough to

mine economically; therefore, Menge (1977) did not discuss it in detail. The Dickinson Coal is a pod-shaped deposit and only occurs around the town of Dickinson (Menge 1977). Local Coal Deposits The coal beds identified for the SHLM correlate to coal beds identified by NPRC and the USGS as shown in Table 2.3-2. The F Coal appears to be a local stringer and could not be correlated with previous mapped coal beds. The E Coal and E1 Coal both correlate with the E (Heart River Coal) mapped in Menge (1977). The D Coal correlates with the D (Fryburg) and the HT Butte Coal correlates with the HT Butte 1 and HT Butte 2 (or HT Butte) mapped in Armstrong (1984) and Menge (1977). The F Coal, E Coal, E1 Coal, D Coal, and the HT Butte Coal isopach maps (with outcrop and subcrop lines) are described and presented in Section 2.3.2.3. The D Coal quality is discussed in Section 2.3.7. Clinker Clinker (locally referred to as scoria) is sediment that has been thermally altered from burning of underground coal. The age of alteration is not known and could be Tertiary to Holocene. The degree of alteration for clinker may range from completely melted (a slag-like mass of dark rock that

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contains numerous voids cased by escaping gases) to rock that is heated just enough to change density and color (Biek and Gonzalez 2001), which will still have original sedimentary structures, fossils, and grain-size. The Study Area has small, scattered outcrops of clinker which occur as reddish layers of brick-like masses of baked and fused clay, shale, and sandstone (Bluemle 2000). In places, the clinker can be resistant to erosional forces and can form local topographic highs. The location of these clinker outcrops are shown on Figure 2.3-2A, Figure 2.3-2B, Figure 2.3-2C, and Figure 2.3-2D. Quaternary Age Deposits The Quaternary glacial deposits (such as till) do not occur within the Study Area. However, quaternary deposits such as sand and gravel do occur as terrace deposits above the modern floodplain of the Heart River and associated tributaries. When glacial events occurred to the north of the Study Area the major streams in the area were flowing at a greater volume than they do today because of the large amount of melt water associated with the edge of glaciers (Holland 1957). These streams then deposited the sand and gravel (QTg) found within the Study Area (Figure 2.3-2A, Figure 2.3-2B, Figure 2.3-2C, and Figure 2.3-2D). The sand and gravel deposits (QTg) may also occur as a thin veneer on the ground surface. These deposits are recognized by scattered gravel on the surface. Older alluvial deposits (Qoa) have the same composition as the alluvium found within the modern channels and floodplains but occur above the current modern channels (Figure 2.3-2A, Figure 2.3-2B, Figure 2.3-2C, and Figure 2.3-2D). Finally, the youngest Quaternary deposit is the Holocene alluvium within the modern channels and floodplains (Qal), which have been mapped and are shown on Figure 2.3-2A, Figure 2.3-2B, Figure 2.3-2C, and Figure 2.3-2D. These deposits occur along the Heart River, South Branch Heart River, and along the unnamed stream discharging into the South Branch Heart River at the northwest quarter of Section 27 T139N R98W. This unnamed stream flows from Little Badlands and the alluvium is usually silty clay or clayey silt (ASTM 2000) with only occasional coarse-grained material. In additional, the South Branch Heart River also derives most of its material from the Little Badlands and this alluvium is a silty clay or clayey silt (ASTM 2000). Tychsen (1950) states that alluvium grades downward toward coarse gravel and sand that overlies the Fort Union Group and documents that 5.5 ft (1.7 m) of coarse gravel overlying sandstone was observed in a large pit in the alluvium.

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Artificial fill occurs in the Study Area, particularly where dams were built to retain water. Fill also occurs in areas disturbed by construction activities such as roads, bridges, and areas where buildings occur. Areas of artificial fill are shown on Figure 2.3-2A, Figure 2.3-2B, Figure 2.3-2C, and Figure 2.3-2D. 2.3.2.3 Study Area Subsurface Geologic Analysis

This section provides cross-sections and maps as required by Chapter 69.05.2 of the NDAC. The data used to generate the cross-sections and maps are based on previous boreholes and drilling performed for this baseline study and permit application compiled into a geologic database by Norwest Corporation (Norwest). The geology database was created by examining logs or data from boreholes drilled during previous programs and the data generated by the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 drilling programs. Locations of the boreholes in the geologic database are shown on Figure 2.3-1. Additional borehole information is provided in Section 2.3.5. Copies of the geologist logs and geophysical logs for the 2002, Phase II and ,Phase III, and 2010 drilling programs are provided in, Appendix 2.3-13, Appendix 2.3-14, Appendix 2.3-16 and Appendix 2.3-17. Copies of the geologist logs and geophysical logs for the Phase I drilling program are present in Section 2.5. The cross-sections, structure maps, and isopach maps were created by Norwest as part of the mine planning process. These maps were generated with SurfCAD software using inverse distance squared and triangulation calculations from the geology database. These contours are based on best fit curves and as a result, there are occasional contouring breaks where data are not honored. Data collected in the 2009 drilling program, which included two boreholes drilled for the purpose of monitoring well installation in the HT Butte coal, were checked for consistency with the geologic database but have not been included in the geologic database or used in generating the cross sections, structure maps or isopach maps. As such, the locations of the 2009 drilling program boreholes are not shown on the cross-sections, structure maps, and isopach maps. The cross-sections generated by SurfCAD (Figure 2.3-4) show the depth of the D Coal (Fryburg) and the depth of weathering horizon that impacts the quality of the coal. The cross-sections also show the D Coal is 12 to 22 ft (3.7 to 6.7 m) thick. For additional descriptions and conceptual cross-sections showing the subsurface geology see Section 2.5.

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The isopach, overburden and structure data in the vicinity of the Study Area were based on geologic information from 218 220 boreholes from the geologic database; 106 107 of these boreholes were drilled prior to 2006, while 112 113 of the boreholes were drilled for this baseline study. The As described above, the two boreholes drilled as part of the 2009 drilling program are not included on the figures or in the discussion below. Of the 22018 boreholes in the database, 10 penetrated the HT Butte Coal as indicated on Figure 2.3-5. Seven out of the 10 boreholes used in this mapping that go through the HT Butte Coal were drilled for this baseline study. The maximum thickness was 14 ft (4.3 m), the minimum thickness was 9.8 ft (3.0 m), and the average thickness was 12.55 ft (3.8 m) for the 7 10 boreholes. The D Coal thickness map (Figure 2.3-6) is based on 198 201 boreholes that penetrated the D Coal. One hundred and twoand three of these boreholes were drilled for this baseline study. The maximum thickness of the D Coal was 22.923.5 ft (7.2 m), the minimum thickness was 1 foot (0.3 m) and the average thickness was 16.1 1 ft (4.9 m), based on the 198 201 boreholes in the geologic database. Several of these boreholes were drilled in the Heart River valley where the D Coal appears to be eroded away by the Heart River (Figure 2.3-6). The D Coal overburden map (Figure 2.3-7)

demonstrates the overburden thickness over the D Coal for this baseline study. The maximum overburden thickness is 178 ft (54 m), the minimum thickness is 17 ft (5.2 m), and the average thickness is 67.8 9 ft (20.77 m). The E1 Coal thickness map (Figure 2.3-8) is based on 88 89 boreholes which penetrated the E1 Coal. Forty-eightsix Forty-eight of these boreholes were drilled for this baseline study. The maximum thickness was 10 4.7 ft (3 1.43 m), the minimum thickness was 0.10 foot (0.03 m), and the average thickness was 2.2 1 ft (0.7 6 m). The E Coal thickness map (Figure 2.3-9) is based on 55 56 boreholes that penetrated the E Coal. Twenty-three four of these boreholes were drilled for this baseline study. The maximum thickness was 9 ft (2.7 m), the minimum thickness was 0.50.5 foot (0.2 m), and the average thickness was 3.6 5 ft (1.1 m). The F Coal thickness map (Figure 2.3-10) is based on 10 boreholes that penetrated the F Coal. Two of these boreholes were drilled for this baseline study. The maximum thickness was 4 ft (1.2 m), the minimum thickness was 0.6 ft (0.2 m), and the average thickness was 2.5 ft (0.8 m).

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Similar to Section 2.3.2.3, the data used to generate geologic structure maps, are based on previous boreholes and drilling performed for this baseline study and permit application compiled into a geologic database by Norwest Corporation (Norwest). The geology database was created by

examining logs or data from boreholes drilled during previous programs and the data generated by the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 drilling programs. The two boreholes drilled as part of the 2009 drilling program are not included on the figures or in the discussion below. The HT Butte Coal bottom structure map (Figure 2.3-11) shows a low spot in Section 22 T139N R98W with a rise to the Southwest. The D Coal bottom structure map (Figure 2.3-12) shows a high in Section 28 T139N R98W where the D Coal subcrop occurs. The E1 Coal bottom structure map (Figure 2.3-13) shows a high in Section 20 T139N R98W. The E Coal bottom structure map (Figure 2.3-14) shows: 1) the extent of E Coal removal, 2) the E Coal dipping to the southeast in the southern portion, 3) the E Coal dipping to the north in the northern portion, and 4) a structural high exists in the southwest corner of Section 20 T139N R98W. 2.3.2.5 Previous Mining

A search for abandoned mines was completed as part of the baseline study. One abandoned mine was identified within the Study Area. This mine is shown on Figure 2.3-15. The North Dakota

Abandoned Mined Lands (AML) Printout #349, provided by the Public Service Commission (PSC), includes a description of this mine. This mine was a strip surface mine located in the N½ Section 16 T139N R98W. Several tons of coal was produced from this mine every winter for local use prior to 1902. A copy of the AML Printout #349 is provided in Appendix 2.3-1 (Dodd 2007, Nelson 2007). Appendix 2.3-1 also contains an additional 18 AML Printouts numbers (mine location sites). Twelve of these sites are located within 5 miles of the Study Area while an additional 6 are located just outside 5 miles of the Study Area. The results from this previous mine search are summarized in Table 2.3-3. 2.3.2.6 Oil and Gas Wells Within and Near the Study Area

The locations of oil and gas wells in and near the Study Area were identified using the North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Oil and Gas Division

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(2010) website, which allows for search based on the entire township and range. The website was most recently accessed in January 2010. A search was conducted for all oil and gas wells within all sections of T138N R98W and T139N R98W. The result from this oil and gas well search, including locations outside the Study Area, (NDIC DMR Oil and Gas Division 2010) is presented in Appendix 2.3-2. Two oil and gas well locations are located within or near the Study Area and are shown on Figure 2.3-16. One of the wells, Perdaems 1 (File No. 6369), is a dry well located within the

Permit Boundary. Tuhy 1 (File No. 4975) is a plugged and abandoned well located approximately 32 ft (9.8 m) outside of the Study Area. No other oil and gas wells are located within the Study Area or within 500 ft (152 m) of the Study Area. Perdaems 1 was plugged with cement on December 19, 1977 from a total depth of 8,155 ft below ground surface (bgs) to the 0 ft bgs. Tuhy 1 has casing of 5 ½ inch (in.) from 8,092 ft bgs to 5,350 ft bgs and 8 5/8 in. from 611 ft bgs to 0 ft bgs and was plugged on June 13, 1997. Appendix 2.3-3 contains information available for Perdaems 1 (File No. 6369) and Appendix 2.3-4 contains information available for Tuhy 1 (File No. 4975) (Holweger 2007). 2.3.2.7 Uranium Deposits in Southwest North Dakota

In southwestern North Dakota, the presence of uranium-bearing lignite has been documented (Moore et al. 1959, Denson and Gill 1965, Murphy 2006a, b, 2007b, and 2008). Moore et al. (1959) and Murphy (2007b) indicate that the volcanic-rich White River Group and the Arikaree Formation are the most likely source of the uranium found in the lignite, sandstones, and carbonaceous rocks in the geologic formations from Hell Creek to Golden Valley inclusive. The uranium found in the volcanicrich White River Group and the Arikaree Formation is leached by ground water and moved downward into the underlying rocks (Murphy 2008). These leached constituents are concentrated in the coal, organic lenses or carbonaceous material as the uranium complexes with the organic materials. Murphy (2006a) indicates that, based on this mechanism, uranium would then be

concentrated in the stratigraphically highest lignite or carbonaceous material below these formations. Following this, if stratigraphic layers with elevated uranium occur, they are generally within 200 feet of the unconformity between the White River Group and Arikaree Formations and the underlying formations, whether Golden Valley or Bullion Creek Formations (Murphy 2007b).

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The Study Area is located in the area of North Dakota where the unconformity occurs on the Golden Valley Formation and the potential zone where uranium could be located is within 200 feet below this contact. However, within the Study Area, the unconformity has been eroded (removed) and the 200 foot depth delineating the zone where uranium may occur cannot be definitively determined. Given this unconformity is not present in the Study Area, gamma logs for Study Area boreholes were evaluated to determine if strata with elevated uranium may be present (Murphy 2007b). Gamma logs are useful for defining the extent of uranium deposits (Murphy 2007b) because the gamma ray log measures the natural radioactivity of the formations (Schlumberger 1989). Gamma ray logs within within the Study Area do not display signatures or spikes related to elevated uranium, as is discussed in Section 2.3.6.4. The lack of these signatures in the gamma ray logs indicates that there are not uranium containing strata in the Study Area, and if one ever were present in the past it has since eroded away. Twenty-seven composites samples of the E, E1, D or HT Butte Coal were analyzed for uranium content (Section 2.3.7 and Appendix 2.3-19) as part of the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and 2009 drilling programs. The highest uranium concentration detected in these coal composites was 4.6 mg/kg. That concentration is relatively low compared to coal found in other areas of

southwestern North Dakota. Moore et al. (1959) report that uranium bearing lignite in southwestern North Dakota has an average concentration of 130 mg/kg. With a maximum concentration of 4.6 mg/kg, the coal composites in the Study Area do not represent coal that would be considered an economic deposit for uranium ore. Towse (1957) and Denson et al. (1959) report that 1,000 mg/kg (0.1% as cited in the reports) uranium is a lower bound for economic deposits of uranium in lignite and Murphy (2008) indicates a range of 50 to 2,000 mg/kg (0.005 to 0.2% as cited in the report) represent low grade ore deposits of uranium. Further discussion of the geophysical logs relative to uranium and overburden geochemistry is provided in Section 2.3.6.4. Further discussion of uranium with respect to overburden geochemistry is provided in Section 2.3.4. 2.3.3 Overburden Sampling and Analysis

The objective of the overburden baseline study was to characterize overburden within the Overburden Study Area that will be disturbed or exposed during mine development. The intent of this baseline study was to characterize the overburden with respect to its geochemical characteristics, based on guidance provided by: 1) the NDAC, specifically in Chapters 69-05.2-01, 69-05.2-08, 69-05.2-09,

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69-05.2-15, and 69-05.2-21; 2) PSC Policy Memorandum (e.g., PSC 1995a & 1995b); and 3) meetings and conversations with PSC personnel. 2.3.3.1 Overburden Sampling

To evaluate overburden characteristics, overburden samples were collected and analyzed from 129 131 boreholes drilled and logged boreholes across the Overburden Study Area.

Overburden samples were collected and analyzed as a part of several programs, which are summarized in Table 2.3-4. These programs include: a 2002 program,; the Phase I and Phase II baseline programs completed in October 2006,; the Phase III baseline program completed in October 2007,; and the Shallow Overburden program completed in December 2007; and the 2010 drilling program completed in June 2010. Other drilling programs have been performed at the site, but overburden samples were not collected or analyzed. During the more recent 2009 drilling program overburden samples were not collected; therefore, these boreholes are not included in this discussion. Golder performed the Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and 2010, and Shallow Overburden programs as a part of the current Overburden Baseline Study. The 2002 program was performed by Kiewit Mining Group, Inc. (Kiewit) of Omaha, Nebraska in 2002. Phase I, Phase II, Phase III and , 2002, and 2010 overburden sampling locations are shown on Figure 2.3-17A, along with the Overburden Study Area, the Permit Boundary, and the Mine Pit Boundary. Sampling locations for the Shallow Overburden program are shown on Figure 2.3-17B. In addition, borehole location survey data for Phase I, Phase II, Phase III and, 2002, and 2010 programs are provided in Table 2.3-5, along with total depth, depth to the D Coal, and D Coal thickness for each borehole. These data are also provided for the 2009 drilling program boreholes in Table 2.3-5 for reference, though overburden samples were not collected from these boreholes. Borehole location data for the Shallow Overburden boreholes, along with total depth and availability of geochemical results are provided in Table 2.3-6. In general, boreholes for the Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs were drilled in a grid pattern across the Overburden Study Area with boreholes located near the center of each quarter-quarter section. Some locations were moved within the quarter-quarter section in order to accommodate coal exploration needs, monitor well needs, access issues (e.g., steep slope that prevented drill rig access), or other logistical issues. Sixtyeight eventy boreholes from the Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and 2002, and 2010 programs are located within the 2617.7 acre Mine Pit Boundary, providing a spacing of approximately one borehole per 38

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37 acres. This borehole density is higher than a density of one borehole per 40 acres for overburden characterization as required by Chapter 69-05.2-08 of the NDAC. Chapter 69-05.2-08-05 of the NDAC indicates that samples “must be collected and analyzed down through the deeper of either the stratum immediately below the lowest coal seam to be mined or any lower aquifer which may be adversely affected by mining.” However, given uncertainty in location and continuity of aquifers prior to initiation of the SHC drilling programs, PSC indicated that drilling and sampling to a depth of 10 ft (3 m) below the D Coal was acceptable (Moos 2006). All boreholes were extended to a depth of at least 10 ft (3 m) below the D Coal, if present, with the exception of one 2002 borehole, which was only drilled to the D Coal. To provide some indication as to material characteristics beyond this depth, 15 167 boreholes were drilled and sampled to depths beyond 10 ft (3 m) below the D Coal, as shown in Table 2.3-5. However, underburden is not expected to be disturbed during mining, while overburden will be removed, stockpiled, and replaced. In addition, overburden results from above the D Coal will be used to determine cover thickness, as based on methods provided in PSC Policy Memo No. 17 (PSC 1995b) for cover thickness determination for mining of one coal seam. Therefore, this characterization generally focuses on overburden, even though underburden samples were collected and analyzed. For 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs overburden and underburden samples were generally collected from boreholes at 5-foot intervals per Chapter 69-05.2-08-05 of the NDAC, though some Phase III samples were collected every 2.5 for the first 20 ft (6 m) bgs. Samples were collected as composite samples across the entire 2.5-foot or 5-foot interval, with the exception of some Phase I samples, which were discrete samples. Following this protocol, 2,100 147 samples were collected from the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs across the Overburden Study Area, with a total drilled linear footage of approximately 11,360 630 ft (3,463 545 m) over which samples were collected. Occasionally, sample recovery for a particular interval was insufficient for all laboratory analyses. These occurrences were not restricted to any particular borehole, interval, or geologic formation, and are considered a negligible data gap for purposes of the characterization of the overburden. Overburden samples were examined and geologically logged in the field; lithologic logs are discussed and provided in Section 2.3.5. Samples were submitted for laboratory analysis of physical and chemical properties per Chapter 69-05.2-08-05 of the NDAC, as described in Section 2.3.3.3 and

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Section 2.3.3.4. In addition, geophysical logging was performed at all Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 locations, as described in Section 2.3.6. Borehole locations for the Shallow Overburden program were selected to further characterize overburden in support of mine planning activities (Figure 2.3-17B). Locations were selected based on analytical results available and mine planning needs at the time. Locations for the Shallow Overburden program were selected where available results indicated low SAR and EC values. All of the Shallow Overburden boreholes were completed within the Permit Boundary and the Mine Pit Boundary. Samples for the Shallow Overburden program were generally collected every 2 feet for a total depth of 20 ft (6 m) bgs. A total of 583 samples were collected from 50 boreholes with a total drilled linear footage of 981 ft (299 m). Of the 583 samples collected as part of the Shallow Overburden program, 310 samples from 30 boreholes (594 linear feet) were selected for laboratory analysis. Samples were selected for analysis based on field observations, specifically the absence of coal stringers, low salt content (based on the visible presence or absence of salts), and no water encountered in the borehole. 2.3.3.2 Borehole Abandonment

Phase I boreholes and 2009 drilling program boreholes were completed as monitoring wells upon completion of the borehole. Well construction and completion are described in Section 2.5. If a well was not constructed, boreholes were abandoned and surface reclamation was completed. The Phase II boreholes were abandoned following industry standards (Murphy 2007a) upon completion of drilling, sampling, and geophysical logging. Phase II boreholes were backfilled with cuttings to between 4 and 5 ft bgs, where a cap was installed. Boreholes were further filled with cuttings to between 12 and 15 inches below the surface where a surface cap was installed. Cuttings were then placed to the surface and excess cuttings were thin spread and raked. Surface re-seeding was performed as needed in the area surrounding the boreholes. All Phase II borehole locations were examined in July 2007 to confirm that abandonment and reclamation had been satisfactorily completed. All Phase III boreholes were also abandoned upon completion of drilling, sampling, and geophysical logging. Phase III boreholes were abandoned using a similar method to the Phase II and 2010 boreholes, except that bentonite chips were used to backfill to at least 20 ft (6 m) above the estimated

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ground water surface. Bentonite was used for backfill at the recommendation of PSC. Cuttings were then used to backfill the holes to the surface, similar to the Phase II program. Caps were also installed, similar to the Phase II program. Excess cuttings were thin spread and raked. Surface reseeding was performed as needed in the area surrounding the boreholes. All Phase III borehole locations were examined in October 2007 to confirm that abandonment and reclamation had been satisfactorily completed. All 2010 borehole locations were examined in June 2010 to confirm that abandonment and reclamation had been satisfactorily completed. The Shallow Overburden boreholes were drilled to maximum depth of 20 ft and were backfilled with a combination of cuttings, bentonite, and/or purchased soil. When sufficient cuttings were available, boreholes were backfilled completely with cuttings. If sufficient cuttings were not

available, boreholes were partially backfilled with cuttings or bentonite and capped with purchased soil. At two locations, SOSH-10 and SOSH-35, water was encountered, and boreholes were filled with bentonite to within two feet of the surface followed by cuttings or soil. Abandonment of Shallow Overburden boreholes was completed by February 2008. 2.3.3.3 Overburden Sample Analysis

Northern Analytical Laboratories Inc. (Northern Analytical) in Billings, Montana performed laboratory analyses for Phase I and Phase II samples., while Energy Laboratories Inc. (Energy) in Casper, Wyoming analyzed Phase III and Shallow Overburden samples. Pace Analytical Services, Inc. (Pace) of Billings, Montana performed laboratory analyses for the 2010 samples. Samples from the 2002 program were analyzed by Minnesota Valley Testing Laboratories Inc. (MVTL), in Bismarck, North Dakota. All samples collected were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics, in accordance with Chapter 69-05.2-08-05 of the NDAC, referred to by this program as the Suite One Overburden Analysis. Analytes for the Suite One Overburden Analysis are shown in Table 2.3-7. A second analytical program, referred to as the Suite Two Overburden Analysis, was conducted on selected Phase I and Phase II samples to further evaluate materials for acid- or toxic-forming potential. Suite Two analytes, including the number of samples with results for each analysis, are provided in Table 2.3-8. A total of 143 samples were analyzed under the Suite Two program, which represents 12% of the total number of Phase I and Phase II samples collected (1,201 samples). All Suite Two analyses were performed by Northern Analytical.

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Samples were selected from across the Overburden Study Area for Suite Two analysis from Phase I and Phase II boreholes. At least one sample for a Suite Two analysis was selected from every Phase I and Phase II borehole, with the exception of three boreholes. The spatial distribution of the selected samples is depicted on Figure 2.3-17C. Suite Two sample selection focused on selecting samples that would be representative of the dominant lithologic unit in each borehole. Identification of a dominant lithologic unit was not always clear given the interbedded nature of the geology; therefore, frequently several samples were selected from a borehole for Suite Two analysis. Additionally, Suite Two samples were selected for testing in order to examine a specific strata or sample for potential acid- or toxic-forming properties. For example, a sample with a low paste pH value, as determined by the Suite One tests, may have been selected for acid base accounting (ABA) under the Suite Two program. This sample would have been selected even though it may have represented a relatively thin stratigraphic layer or a stratigraphic layer only found in limited areas within the Overburden Study Area. 2.3.3.4 Overburden Analyses

Appendix 2.3-5 and Appendix 2.3-6 provide tables of all Suite One overburden and underburden analyses by borehole for the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 drilling programs across the Overburden Study Area. Results of the Suite One overburden analyses are summarized in Table 2.3-9 and are discussed further in Section 2.3.4. Appendix 2.3-7 provides tables of overburden analyses by borehole for the Shallow Overburden program within the Study Area. Results of these analyses are summarized in Table 2.3-10 and discussed further in Section 2.3.4. Tables in Appendix 2.3-5, Appendix 2.3-6 and Appendix 2.3-7 include Suite One analytical results for the full run of each borehole, including overburden and underburden. For the Shallow

Overburden program only selected intervals were analyzed at some locations. The tables in these appendices also include minimum, arithmetic average, and maximum values for each parameter (excluding texture). The minimum, arithmetic average, and maximum values were calculated using data for all overburden and underburden samples collected and also were calculated for overburden using only samples collected from above the D Coal. A summary of the results of the Suite Two analyses are provided in Table 2.3-11, Table 2.3-12, Table 2.3-13 and Table 2.3-14. Results for the 48 acid base accounting (ABA) analyses are provided in Table 2.3-11. Table 2.3-12 provides the results for total metals by whole rock acid digestion as

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well as the average crustal abundances for the analyzed metals. Table 2.3-13 includes the results for the synthetic precipitation and leaching procedure (SPLP) performed on 122 samples. The ground water leaching procedure results are compared to those for the SPLP for 9 samples in Table 2.3-14. Appendix 2.3-8 1 provides historic laboratory analysis sheets from MVTL for overburden samples from boreholes SH02-04C and SH02-10C, collected as a part of the 2002 drilling program. Appendix 2.3-91 contains original laboratory analysis sheets provided by Northern Analytical for overburden samples collected as a part of the Phase I and Phase II drilling programs in 2006 and sheets provided by Pace for overburden samples collected as part of the 2010 drilling program. Appendix 2.3-101 contains original laboratory analysis sheets provided by Energy

Laboratories for overburden samples collected as a part of the Phase III program in 2007. Additionally, Appendix 2.3-10 and Appendix 2.3-111 contain analytical results for duplicate samples indicated on the lithologic logs; all duplicate sample identifications start with, “BD”. Appendix 2.3-11 contains original laboratory analysis sheets provided by Energy

Laboratories for overburden samples collected as a part of the Shallow Overburden program. Appendix 2.3-12 contains original laboratory analysis sheets provided by Northern Analytical for Suite Two analyses. 2.3.4 Summary of Overburden Characteristics

This section provides a summary of the overburden characteristics based on geology as examined in the field and analytical results from laboratory testing. Material characteristics are summarized in Table 2.3-9 and Table 2.3-10, which provides arithmetic averages of Suite One analytical results for all samples collected, as well as separate averages for samples collected from above the D Coal and averages for samples collected above the D Coal within the Mine Pit Boundary. Table 2.3-11, Table 2.3-12, Table 2.3-13 and Table 2.3-14 provide a summary of all Suite Two analytical results. Topsoil and subsoil depths in the Overburden Study Area range from 0 to 5 ft (1.5 m) bgs as discussed in Section 2.4. As the topsoil and subsoil must be collected, stockpiled, and re-placed separately from the overburden, topsoil and subsoil are not discussed in this section. These materials are characterized and discussed in Section 2.4.

For convenience, laboratory data sheets located in Appendix 2.3-8, Appendix 2.3-9, Appendix 2.3-10, Appendix 2.3-11 and Appendix 2.3-12 have been organized in numerical order by borehole, which can differ from the order of the sampling date, the lab invoice, sample number, or the page number printed on the original laboratory data sheets.

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Overburden thickness within the Study Area ranges from 21 to 153 ft (6.4 to 46.6 m), based solely on depth to the D Coal from the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 overburden boreholes located within the Overburden Study Area (Table 2.3-5). Overburden within the Study Area is predominantly Sentinel Butte Formation. The Sentinel Butte Formation was deposited in a

freshwater fluvial system and consists of alternating beds of carbonaceous and bentonitic claystone, siltstone, shale, fine to medium grained sandstone, and coal (Trapp and Croft 1975, Menge 1977, and Armstrong 1984). Armstrong (1984) indicates that, with the exception of the coal seams, the

lithologic units are generally lenticular and discontinuous. Furthermore, Armstrong (1984) indicates that sandstone lenses were deposited in stream channels that are nearly impossible to correlate between boreholes. Borehole drilling within the Overburden Study Area indicates a similar geology to that described in the literature. Borehole lithologic logs (discussed in Section 2.3.5) indicate that the overburden consists of interbedded sandstone, claystone, siltstone, and shale. Several coal seams were

encountered in the overburden within the Study Area, including the F1, E, and E1 coals. The lithology and interbedding encountered in the boreholes supports a fluvial depositional environment. As a result of this depositional environment, correlation of stratigraphy between

boreholes is limited. It is possible to correlate coal layers across the Overburden Study Area. In addition, a sandstone layer of varying thickness from 5 to 50 ft (1.5 to 15 m) was generally observed above the D Coal. The sandstone layer was not present at all borehole locations within the Overburden Study Area (for example, it was not observed in boreholes SHOB-12R, SHOB-23R, SHOB-24R, SHOB-29R, or SHOB-40R). Limited correlation is occasionally possible between two or three proximal boreholes for a particular layer or sequence; however, Golder generally was not able to correlate particular siltstone, claystone, or shale layers across the Overburden Study Area. This limited correlation of stratigraphy between boreholes supports the conclusions of Armstrong (1984) as described above, i.e., that layers such as sandstone cannot be correlated between boreholes. 2.3.4.2 Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Analytical testing provided sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values for Suite One overburden samples. The SAR is calculated from the sodium, magnesium, and calcium concentrations of the saturation extract according to the formula:

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SAR =

[ Na ] [Ca ] + [ Mg ] 2

where sodium, magnesium, and calcium concentrations are in milliequivalents per liter (meq/L). The SAR values for overburden samples from above the D Coal across the Overburden Study Area range from 0.23 to 78.3, with an arithmetic average of approximately 17.6 for the 1,236 277 overburden samples collected and tested as part of the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs. The arithmetic average SAR value for all 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III samples collected and analyzed, including those collected below the D Seam coal, is 20.87. SAR values from the 2007 Shallow Overburden program range from 0.14 to 30.1, with an arithmetic average of 8.39 based on the 310 samples analyzed. Results indicate that SAR is the primary concern for overburden quality within the Study Area; therefore, SAR is considered in mine and reclamation planning for cover thickness (Section 4.1). This is consistent with the literature (Moran et al. 1978), which indicates that SAR and electrical conductivity (EC) are primary concerns for overburden materials in this region. In addition, through its regulations, the PSC recognizes SAR as the primary concern for coal mining in North Dakota. Policy Memorandum No. 3 (PSC 1995a) states: “Based on the definition of toxic-forming materials and on research conducted in North Dakota, sodic spoil is the only common toxic forming material exposed, used or produced during mining.” Chapter 69-05.2-15-04 of the NDAC and Policy Memorandum No. 3 (PSC 1995a) indicate that non-toxic materials have SAR values below 12 and Policy Memorandum No. 17 (PSC 1995b) uses limits of 12 and 20 for establishing cover requirements. Approximately 57% of the overburden samples from above the D Coal in the Overburden Study Area, collected as a part of the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs, have an SAR value greater than 12 and 35% have an SAR value greater than 20. For the Shallow Overburden program, 23% of the samples analyzed have an SAR value greater than 12 and 8% have an SAR value greater than 20. The SAR values in a borehole generally increase with depth from the surface to the D Coal. This trend is demonstrated for selected boreholes in the Overburden Study Area on Figure 2.3-18A and Figure 2.3-18B, and is also apparent from the tables with analytical data for each borehole in

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This trend may be the result of several geochemical or

For example, flushing of salinity and sodium ions downward by

infiltration may be occurring, as chemical characteristics of overburden materials are often controlled by the geochemical composition of the materials, infiltration, and the direction of ground water movement (Moran et al. 1978). However, the increase in SAR may also be related to a decrease in calcium and magnesium concentrations near the D Coal (Figure 2.3-18B). The decrease in these constituents may be related to the precipitation of minerals such as calcite. For example, when infiltrating waters with calcium encounter the sodium bicarbonate waters in the coal seam, calcite may precipitate. The SAR values were also found to be consistently higher in materials below the coal. This trend is supported by the fact that including data from all samples collected (overburden and underburden) results in a higher average SAR value (20.78 for all samples versus 17.6 for overburden only) based on the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs. Consistent with the varying geology observed across the Overburden Study Area, the trend of increasing SAR with depth to the D Coal does not occur in every borehole. For example, SAR may be elevated (above 12) throughout the stratigraphic column of the borehole (e.g., boreholes SHMW-10D2, SHMW-12D, SHOB-48R, SHOB-38R, SHOB-31R, or SHMW-05D), or low (below 12) throughout the entire borehole (e.g., boreholes SHOB-42R, SHOB-28R, SHOB-22R, SHOB-2R, or SHOB-26R). In addition, boreholes with contrasting SAR trends are often in close proximity to each other. For example, SHMW-10D2 and SHOB-42R (locations shown on

Figure 2.3-18B) are proximal to each other, yet SHOB-42R has very low SAR values above the D Coal, while SHMW-10D2 has high SAR values above the coal. A consistent correlation between SAR and borehole geology was not observed, as shown on the geologic logs prepared in the field (Figure 2.3-18A and Figure 2.3-18B). For example, a sandstone unit above the coal in SHOB-14R (Figure 2.3-18A) has SAR values varying from 9 to 35, with the SAR data increasing with depth as described above. Also, correlation between SAR and laboratory derived texture was not observed. As shown on Figure 2.3-19, high and low SAR values are observed in almost every texture classification, and the distribution of SAR values is similar for coarse and fine classifications. In addition, Golder also evaluated whether the drilling method used (rotosonic coring, air rotary, or air rotary with added water) affected SAR results and found no correlation.

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For samples from the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs, saturation extract EC of the overburden samples within the Overburden Study Area above the D Coal ranges from 0.24 to 26.5 milliSiemens per centimeter (mS/cm), with an average of 3.9 mS/cm. Values below 6 mS/cm for EC with a SAR less than 12 indicate non-toxic soil based on Policy Memorandum No. 3 (PSC 1995a). Approximately 21% of the samples from above the D Coal have a saturation extract EC greater than 6 mS/cm. The majority (645%) of these overburden samples with values above 6 mS/cm also have high (>12) SAR values. Materials with an EC greater than 8 mS/cm, regardless of SAR, are considered other toxic-forming materials based on Policy Memorandum No. 3. Approximately 101% of the overburden samples have an EC greater than 8 mS/cm. Relative to the percentage of samples with elevated SAR; elevated EC is not as great a concern for the overburden materials. In addition, the PSC Policy Memoranda focuses on SAR over EC, indicating that SAR is of greater concern for toxicity and overburden quality. For the 310 samples within the Overburden Study Area from the Shallow Overburden program, EC values range from 0.25 to 12 mS/cm, with an average of 3.3 mS/cm. Approximately 17% of the samples have an EC above 6 mS/cm, with 37% of those samples also having a SAR value above 12. 2.3.4.4 Paste pH

Paste pH values range from 3.3 to 9.8, with an average of 8.0 for overburden samples in the Overburden Study Area above the D Coal (1,237278 samples) from the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs. Paste pH values were predominantly alkaline, with only 9% below a pH of 7, and 65% below a pH value of 6. Paste pH values for samples from the Shallow Overburden program are also predominantly alkaline. Values range from 5.6 to 9.1, with an average of 8.1. Only about 2% of samples have a paste pH value less than 7. The majority of paste pH values below a value of 6 were measured in samples from strata containing coal or from samples immediately above or below a coal layer, likely due to oxidation of pyrite associated with the coal. While low measured paste pH values may indicate the presence of

potentially acid-forming materials, the vast majority of the materials are alkaline and would be expected to neutralize the few acid forming materials present. (Section 2.3.4.7) provides further discussion of this point. The Suite Two ABA testing

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Saturation percentages for overburden samples within the Overburden Study Area from the 2002 Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III programs above the D Coal range from 16.3% to 634% and average 95.396.7%. Saturation percentages for overburden samples from the Shallow Overburden program range from 22% to 250% and average 87%. The relatively high saturation percentage values indicate a relatively high clay content, such as bentonite, that can absorb water in its structure (Merrill et al. 1987). This result is consistent with the literature description of the Sentinel Butte geology and lithologic descriptions from the field geologists. 2.3.4.6 Texture

Overburden samples in the Overburden Study Area were predominantly classified as clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, and sandy loam. Also present are loamy sand and sand. These laboratory-derived classifications correspond with the geology described in the literature and in the field programs of the baseline study (Section 2.3.5). These classifications are based on the percent sand, percent silt, and percent clay in each sample. The percent sand for overburden samples above the D Coal within the Overburden Study Area ranges from less than 0% to 91.3%, with an average of 31.43%. The percent silt for overburden samples ranges from 4.9% to 76%, with an average of 39.35%. The percent clay for overburden samples ranges from 1.3% to 73%, and averages 29.24%. For the Shallow Overburden program, the percent sand ranges from 1% to 84%, with an average of 27.1% for the 310 samples analyzed. The percent silt for Shallow Overburden samples ranges from 9% to 73%, with an average of 44.5%. The percent clay for overburden samples ranges from 2% to 69%, and averages 28.5%. 2.3.4.7 Acid Base Accounting

Testing for ABA properties was performed as a part of the Suite Two analysis to assist with evaluation of acid forming properties. Results are shown in Table 2.3-11. The ABA testing included neutralization potential (NP) and pyritic-sulfur, sulfate-sulfur, and total-sulfur. Acid potential (AP)

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was calculated using total-sulfur, which is conservative as it will over estimate the AP if non-sulfide minerals, such as gypsum, are present. The net neutralizing potential (NNP) was then calculated by subtracting AP from NP. Results for ABA analyses are generally evaluated with paste pH values, which are described in Section 2.3.4.4. In summary, paste pH values were predominantly alkaline, with only 9% below a pH of 7. Generally, samples have NNP values greater than 20 tons of calcium carbonate

per kiloton (tCaCO3/kt), indicating the materials are non-acid generating (US EPA 1994). Twenty-eight of 48 samples are classified as non-acid generating. Fifteen of 48 samples are classified as uncertain (NNP values between -20 and +20 tCaCO3/kt) and five of 48 samples are classified as having acid generation potential (NNP values less than -20 tCaCO3/kt). The majority of samples classified as uncertain (10 of 15) have low pyritic sulfur values (i.e., <0.3%), indicating very limited acid-generating potential (Price 1997). Samples classified as potentially acid

generating were all associated with coal riders or stringers, an expected result due to pyrite associated with the coal. Although paste pH and ABA testing indicate that potentially acid forming materials are present, these materials are not likely to be a concern for two reasons. First, the potentially acid forming materials constitute a small percentage of the total material, 5 of 48 samples (10%). Those 5 samples represent relatively small acid forming layers between massive alkaline layers. Second, mixing of potentially acid forming materials with the predominant alkaline materials will neutralize any acid that may be produced. The sulfide contents are generally low, so even if acid is generated it will be small compared to the massive formations of alkaline material surrounding it. 2.3.4.8 Whole Rock Acid Digestion for Metals Analysis

Whole rock acid digestion for metals analysis was performed on a set of 35 samples within the Study Area. Results are provided in Table 2.3-12. The results provide an indication as to the elemental metals content of the materials. These results are for the entire material, and do not represent metals that will be mobilized. For comparison, the average concentration of each metal in crustal materials is provided from Krauskopt and Bird (1995).

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Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure/Ground Water Leaching Procedure

The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) was performed as a part of the Suite Two testing to assist with the evaluations of toxic forming properties and to assist with mine planning needs. Results for the SPLP testing are shown in Table 2.3-13. Additional discussion of the SPLP results is provided in this section to assist in interpretation of the SPLP results. These tests, which are not required by North Dakota regulations, do not have set standards or limits to which the results can be compared. In the SPLP (EPA Method 1312), a sample is leached with a synthetic precipitation solution. The SPLP test is designed to evaluate the mobility of constituents present in materials. The test is not designed to definitively predict water quality for surface water or ground water for a specific site, as this is dependent on a number of complex factors, such as exposure, weathering rates, and actual water to rock ratios. Rather, the test provides an indication of potential constituents that may be mobilized under testing conditions. The leachate solution utilized had a pH of 5.0 to simulate rainfall (extraction fluid #2 in EPA Method 1312, appropriate for sites west of the Mississippi River). The leachate was analyzed for chemical composition by various methods, depending on the constituents of interest. For example, metals were generally analyzed by EPA Methods 200.7 or 200.8 (ICP and ICP-MS). Results for the 122 samples analyzed are provided in Table 2.3-13. Observations associated with SPLP results are presented below. • Leachate SAR values were greater than 12 for 30 of 122 samples. Chapter 6905.2-15-04 of the NDAC and Policy Memorandum No. 3 (PSC 1995a) indicate that non toxic materials have SAR values below 12. As discussed in Section 2.3.4.2, SAR is generally considered the primary toxic concern in North Dakota coal mining. Given the saturation extract SAR values (Suite One results, Table 2.3-9; discussed in Section 2.3.4.2), elevated SAR values were expected. Elevated SAR is addressed via cover thickness (See Section 4.1). Several samples containing coal resulted in elevated acidity and depressed pH, likely due to oxidation of pyrite associated with the coal during the course of the test. As discussed in Section 2.3.4.7 with respect to ABA testing, acid forming materials are known to be present, but are not a concern due to the abundance of neutralizing materials and overall high NP values. Relative to EPA Secondary Drinking Water Standards, maximum leachate concentrations of aluminum, iron, and manganese are elevated at 12, 8, and 1,

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mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of those metals are likely elevated due to the dissolution of pyrite, iron-oxides, and/or the clays observed in the materials. In this context, it is important to remember that the EPA Secondary Drinking Water Standards are intended to assist public water systems in managing their drinking water for taste, color, odor and public acceptance of drinking water. These constituents are not considered to present a risk to human health at the standard concentrations and therefore these standards do not fit the toxic forming criteria. • Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations are also above the EPA Secondary Drinking Water Standards, indicating that dissolution of some solids by the synthetic precipitation leaching solution occurred. Determination of the exact source of dissolved solids is not possible because complete anions and cations cannot be run on an SPLP test of this type. However, an increase in TDS is expected due to dissolution of salts and minerals common in the overburden materials such as calcite, gypsum, and pyrite (Moran et al. 1978). Selenium and zinc in the SPLP leachate were detected at concentrations greater than the corresponding North Dakota acute aquatic life standards found in NDAC Chapter 33-16-02.1. For purposes of comparison to the standards, a hardness of 100 mg/L (as CaCO3) is assumed. The SPLP tests where selenium and zinc were detected at concentrations greater than the corresponding standards are limited. Of 122 tests conducted, 2 tests showed selenium at concentrations greater than standard and 43 tests showed zinc at concentrations greater than standard. Those results indicate that selenium and zinc are found and are mobile in the overburden in some locations and at some depths, but not others. The overburden will be mixed throughout the mining process and as a result, overburden with relatively higher leached concentrations of both selenium and zinc will be mixed with overburden with relatively lower leached concentrations of those metals. In addition, runoff from overburden stockpiles will be collected in the sedimentation pond where it will be mixed with water originating from other sources, as described in Section 2.6.5.2 and shown in Table 2.6-19. That mixing is expected to dilute any concentrations of selenium or zinc in the pond to levels below the standards. Considering all of these factors, selenium and zinc are not expected to be present in concentrations that would result in exceedance of surface water or ground water quality standards and therefore the overburden is not considered to contain toxic forming material with respect to these metals. Relative to the North Dakota chronic aquatic life standards in NDAC Chapter 33-16-02.1, several maximum SPLP metals’ concentrations are greater than the chronic standard, including cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and nickel (assuming a hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3). However, considering the results in the context of the overall mining plan, these metals are not expected to be present in concentrations that would result in exceedance of water quality standards as a result of mining activities for several reasons. First, the chronic standard is based on a four-day average concentration that cannot be exceeded more than once every three years. Water that has been in contact with the overburden from the SHLM will be collected in a sedimentation pond, and will be monitored to ensure discharge meets water quality standards following the water management plan laid out in Section 3.6.5. Thus, discharge from the pond will be managed to avoid exceedance of the chronic standard. Second, surface

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water originating from the overburden runoff will be diluted by water in the pond originating from other sources, as described in Section 2.6.5.2. Finally, the SPLP results indicating concentrations greater than standards are limited (for example only 2 tests have concentrations greater than the standard for nickel of 122 total tests) and represent a small portion of the overburden material as a whole. As the overburden is mixed during mining processes, it is expected that the mixed material will not leach these metals at concentrations over standards. • Other trace metals in the leachate were generally observed at low concentrations. For example, leachate molybdenum concentrations were below detection limits for all but 10 of the 122 samples, and the maximum concentration detected was 0.1 mg/L. The highest uranium concentration measured in the SPLP leachates was 0.013 mg/L, well below the EPA Maximum Contaminant Limit (MCL) of 0.03 mg/L. The SPLP testing demonstrates that uranium is not expected to be mobilized to surface water or ground water at significant concentrations relative to standards. In fact, the uranium SPLP results were relatively low compared to regional uranium concentrations in ground water compiled by Roberts (1994), which indicated an average uranium concentration of 0.054 mg/L in Stark County. One exception to the trends for trace metals was arsenic, which was detected in 105 of 122 leachate samples (using a detection limit of 0.001 mg/L). Results for arsenic in the leachate were analyzed using ICP-MS (EPA Method 200.8) and confirmed using hydride generation/atomic absorption (Standard Methods 3114C). These results were not unexpected given that naturally occurring arsenic is not uncommon in the region. For example, Erickson and Barnes (2005) noted that in the upper Midwest, 12% of public water systems in glacial drift aquifers exceed the EPA MCL for arsenic and Berkas and Komor (1996) measured elevated arsenic in soils and groundwater in northern North Dakota. Arsenic was detected in 12 of 97 baseline ground water samples (December 2006 to August 2007) collected from 31 wells at 15 different well-nest locations within the Study Area. In 11 of the 12 baseline ground water samples arsenic was detected at concentrations less than half the EPA drinking water standard (ranging from 0.003 to 0.005 mg/L). In one sample arsenic was detected at a concentration of 0.014 mg/L, which is greater than the EPA drinking water standard (0.01 mg/L). Nine surface water sites were tested for total arsenic in September 2006 and returned concentrations between 0.0025 and 0.075 mg/L. All of these concentrations were below the acute and chronic standards, though six sites had concentrations above the EPA drinking water standard. Analysis of arsenic in overburden was conducted via whole rock acid digestion (Section 2.3.4.8). Results report that 13% of the samples contained arsenic above the detection limit (10 mg/kg). Although arsenic was detected in the SPLP leachate samples, the laboratory results do not reflect the expected field concentrations. As described at the beginning of this section, the SPLP test is designed to evaluate the mobility of constituents present in materials. The test is not designed to definitively predict concentrations in surface water or ground water for a specific site for direct comparison to standards. Actual concentrations in the field depend on a number of complex factors, such as: material exposure, weathering rates, contact time,

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actual field water to rock ratios, and actual field chemistry of precipitation, ground water, or runoff, including pH and redox conditions. Several of these factors are expected to influence arsenic mobility. For example, the high water to rock ratio in the SPLP test, combined with the pH of the lixiviant, can result in dissolution of iron oxides and release of sorbed arsenic. In the field, the water to rock ratio will vary and runoff from an overburden stockpile will likely be alkaline due to the overburden properties (Section 2.3.4.7), even if the initial rainwater is near a pH of 5.0. These factors will reduce arsenic concentrations in water. • While the SPLP may not predict actual water quality concentrations, the SPLP testing results do indicate that arsenic should be included as an analyte in the surface water and ground water quality monitoring programs for the SHLM. Discussion regarding comparison of the leachate results to water quality standards, the EPA Drinking Water MCL, and background concentrations of arsenic are presented below for reference.

○ Comparing results to aquatic life standards set in NDAC Chapter 33-16-02.1,
no arsenic SPLP leachate concentrations were greater than the acute standard (0.34 mg/L). Two of the 122 leachate samples had arsenic detected at concentrations above the chronic aquatic life standard (0.15 mg/L).

○ Just over half of the leachate samples (66 of 122 samples) had concentrations
detected at concentrations greater than the EPA Drinking Water MCL for arsenic of 0.01 mg/L. Additional leachate testing, referred to as the ground water leach procedure (GWLP) tests were performed based on the results for arsenic from the SPLP tests. The GWLP test was developed by Golder and Northern Analytical in order to develop a better understanding of the potential mechanisms for arsenic mobilization from the SHLM overburden and underburden materials. Discussion regarding this additional leachate testing is presented below. The GWLP test was performed using ground water from monitor well SHMW-10C as the lixiviant. Ground water from SHMW-10C is considered representative of ground water present in the overburden within the Study Area and that which would be expected to infiltrate the reclaimed spoils. Ground water from SHMW-10C has a pH of 7.1, alkalinity of 567 mg/L as CaCO3, and total dissolved solids (TDS) of 2,038 mg/L. Arsenic has not been detected in SHMW-10C. For comparison, the synthetic precipitation solution of the SPLP has a pH of 5.0 and relatively low TDS concentration. Results from the GWLP tests for arsenic are compared to those of the SPLP tests in Table 2.3-14. Results between the SPLP and GWLP were consistent to the extent samples that leached relatively elevated arsenic by SPLP also leached relatively elevated arsenic by the GWLP. Samples that did not

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leach arsenic by SPLP also did not leach arsenic by GWLP. However, leached arsenic concentrations by GWLP were lower than those leached by SPLP. For example, for sample SHMW-05 (collected between 146 to 151 ft bgs) SPLP leachate had an arsenic concentration of 0.018 mg/L and the GWLP leachate had an arsenic concentration of 0.008 mg/L. The latter is below the EPA MCL. These data indicate that: • Leaching of arsenic from the overburden is more likely to occur during mining, when the overburden is exposed to surface conditions in the stockpiles. However, runoff from the stockpiles is not expected to impact offsite water quality since it will be contained in sedimentation ponds, diluted with other sources of water to the ponds, and not discharged from the ponds unless it meets applicable regulatory standards (Section 3.6). Leaching of arsenic will be reduced once the material has been reclaimed and is in contact with ground water and the conditions of the subsurface environment. However, some leaching is expected to continue based upon the results of baseline studies. The detection of arsenic in ground water from baseline sampling (as described above) indicates this processes is currently occurring to some degree.

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Overall, results from the leach tests (SPLP and GWLP), the literature, and the baseline studies indicate that arsenic is present naturally in the Study Area and should be expected to be detected in the surface and ground water monitoring programs for the SHLM. 2.3.4.10 Summary of Overburden within Mine Pit Boundaries

Sixty-eightSeventy boreholes from the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 overburden programs are located within the Mine Pit Boundary (Figure 2.3-17A). In general, laboratory results discussed in Section 2.3.3 and Section 2.3.4 from all 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 samples above the D Coal are consistent with results from boreholes located within the Mine Pit Boundary (Table 2.3-9). All of the Shallow Overburden boreholes are located within the Mine Pit Boundary (Figure 2.3-17B) For samples above the D Coal from the 68 70 boreholes drilled as part of the 2002, Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 programs within the Mine Pit Boundary (i.e., materials expected to be disturbed), SAR values range from 0.23 to 65.0, with an arithmetic average of 17.01. Paste pH values range from 3.3 to 9.7, with an average of 7.9. EC values range from 0.24 to 26.5 mS/cm and average 4.11 04 mS/cm for samples. Saturation percentages range from 21 to 634%, with an average of

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975%. The percent sand, percent silt, and percent clay for samples above the D coal within the Mine Pit Boundary averages 31.2%, 39.47% and 29.42%, respectively. Suite Two analyses were performed on samples from some of the boreholes within the Mine Pit Boundaries (Figure 2.3-17C). These analyses included ABA, SPLP, whole rock acid digestions for metals, and ground water leaching procedure of samples from 22, 18, 36, and 7 boreholes respectively, within the Mine Pit Boundary. Results for Suite Two analyses performed on samples in the Mine Pit Boundary are shown in bold in Table 2.3-11, Table 2.3-12, Table 2.3-13, and Table 2.3-14. Suite Two results for these samples are consistent with Suite Two results for the remainder of the Study Area. 2.3.5 2.3.5.1 Lithologic Logs 2002 Lithologic Logs

Available lithologic logs for boreholes drilled as a part of the 2002 drilling program are provided in Appendix 2.3-13. While only two boreholes were sampled for overburden during the 2002 drilling program, at least 29 boreholes were drilled and lithologic logs recorded. The locations of these 29 boreholes are shown on Figure 2.3-20 and they are listed in Table 2.3-15. 2.3.5.2 Phase I and 2009 Lithologic Logs

Lithologic logs for Phase I and 2009 boreholes, including SHMW-04D, SHMW-05D, SHMW-06D, SHMW-10D2, SHMW-12D, SHMW-03HTB, and SHMW-08HTB, are discussed in Section 2.5. These boreholes were drilled as a part of baseline study hydrogeologic investigation for monitor well installation. 2.3.5.3 Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 Lithologic Logs

For Phase II and Phase III boreholes, lithologic logging was performed in the field and subsequently prepared electronically using the gINT® software program. minimum, the information listed below. • Headers, including: The lithologic logs provide, at a

○ Date and times of borehole drilling;

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○ Drilling contractor and driller’s name; ○ Drilling method; ○ Drill rig type; ○ Drill hole location in the designated coordinate system; ○ Elevation; ○ Name or initials of Golder field geologist; ○ Total depth drilled; ○ Scale; and ○ Inclination.
• • • Geologic logs on an appropriate scale noting the depths and thickness of strata. Lithologic descriptions for soil and rock encountered. Additional information (as pertinent), such as:

○ Moisture or depth of subsurface water: ○ Drilling fluids addition (water only2): ○ Lost circulation: ○ Driller’s comments or notes; ○ Drilling joint lubricants used; and ○ Location and type of samples collected.
The lithologic logs for all Phase II and, Phase III, and 2010 boreholes in the Overburden Study Area are provided in Appendix 2.3-14. In addition, the location of subsurface water encountered during Phase I, Phase II and Phase III, and 2010 drilling is summarized on Table 2.3-16. The location of subsurface water is considered approximate or may not be available because determination of the exact depth at which water was encountered was difficult given the drilling method and the occasional addition of drilling fluids (as noted on lithologic logs).
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Limited water was added as a drilling fluid as deemed necessary by field staff and the driller. Water was obtained from the South Heart pump house or fire station.

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For Shallow Overburden boreholes, lithologic logging was performed in the field by Catena Consulting, LLC (Billings, Montana). The lithologic logs are provided in Appendix 2.3-15 for all boreholes in the Shallow Overburden Study Area (Figure 2.3-17B). Field notes provided at the end of Appendix 2.3-15 apply to all of the Shallow Overburden borehole logs. The lithologic logs provide, at a minimum, the information listed below. • • • • • • • Site Number; Drill hole location; Sample interval in inches; Lithologic description of soil or rock encountered; Soil texture; Presence and extent of visible salts; and Soil or rock color.

Subsurface water was only encountered in two boreholes (SOSH-10 and SOSH-35). 2.3.6 2.3.6.1 Geophysical Logs 2002 Geophysical Logs

Geophysical logging was performed during the 2002 drilling program. Based on geophysical logs available to Golder, geophysical logging was performed on at least 14 boreholes during this drilling program. The boreholes with geophysical logs are listed in Table 2.3-17 and shown on Figure 2.3-21. Geophysical logs are provided in Appendix 2.3-16. The logs provide a general indication of the location and characteristics of the coal, as well as characteristics of the overburden strata. The geophysical logs include gamma ray, density, resistivity, and caliper. The logs generally include an overview of the entire log, followed by a close-up of the coal layer with British thermal unit (BTU) values.

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Geophysical logs for Phase I boreholes, including SHMW-04D, SHMW-05D, SHMW-06D, SHMW-10D2, SHMW-12D, SHMW-03HTB, and SHMW-08HTB,, are described and provided in Section 2.5. These boreholes were drilled as a part of the baseline study hydrogeologic investigation for monitor well installation. 2.3.6.3 Phase II and , Phase III, and 2010 Geophysical Logs

Geophysical logging for boreholes drilled as a part of the Phase II and Phase III drilling programs were performed by Century Geophysical. Geophysical logging for boreholes drilled as a part of the 2010 drilling program were performed by Braun Intertec. Geophysical logging was performed in all Phase II, and Phase III, and 2010 boreholes immediately following completion of borehole drilling and overburden sampling. Adjacent to SHOB-133R and SHOB-120R, a total of 11 additional

boreholes were drilled (e.g., SHOB-120R-4) at the request of Norwest for mine planning purposes. Analytical samples were not collected and lithologic logs were not recorded for these boreholes. Geophysical logging was performed on the 8 boreholes that did not collapse. Boreholes were logged for gamma ray and density, per Chapter 69-05.2-08-05 of the NDAC, as well as resistivity and caliper. The geophysical logs for the entire Phase II and , Phase III, and 2010 drilling programs in the Overburden Study Area are provided in Appendix 2.3-17 and locations shown on Figure 2.3-21. 2.3.6.4 Geophysical Logs Relative to Overburden Geochemistry

The gamma ray log on the geophysical log provides a record of the natural radioactivity of the formations (Schlumberger 1989). These radioactive elements include potassium, thorium, and

uranium which are commonly found in clay minerals (Cant 1984). Gamma ray logs are measured in API units with increasing radioactivity correlating to increasing API units (Cant 1984). In sedimentary formations, this log is usually used to identify the shale content of the formations because radioactive elements tend to concentrate in clay and shales (Schlumber 1989). In addition to identifying geologic strata, gamma logs may also be used to identify geologic formations elevated in uranium (Cant 1984; Lamarre 2003). Murphy (2006a, b) provides locations in North Dakota where geophysical logs contain one or more spikes in the gamma ray log, likely indicating the presence of strata where uranium has concentrated. Some of these locations are in the vicinity of the Study Area: one mile west of the Study Area (SW SW corner of Sec 7, T139N,

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R98W), three miles south of the Study Area (Sec 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, T138N, R98W) and two miles southeast of the Study Area (Sec 1, 12 T138N, R98W; Sec 31, T139N R97W; Sec 6,7 T138N, R97W). The gamma ray logs for the Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and 2009 drilling programs are typical for sandstones, claystones/shales, and coals. Within the Study Area, sandstone generally has a higher API value than coal, and claystone/shale generally has a higher API value than both. Figure 2.3-22 provides examples of gamma log signatures typical for the site. The typical log in Figure 2.3-22 demonstrates how coal has a low API value (< 80 API units). Examining the gamma ray logs from the Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, 2009, and 2010 drilling programs shows 5 gamma ray logs with an API value greater than 200 and an additional 8 logs with an API value greater than 180. Three of the four Ggamma logs from the 2009 and 2010 drilling programs haveboth each had at least one peak above 150 API, the maximum measured value on these 2009 geophysical logs. While all of these these instances may be elevated API values relative to the site, they are not of the same magnitude as those logs described by Murphy (2006a,b). Murphy (2006a,b) indicates that spikes in the gamma log values were three to nine times that of background and these spikes indicated the location of strata with elevated uranium. The lack of gamma ray log spikes of this magnitude associated with the D Coal is consistent with the coal quality results that indicate that the D Coal does not contain elevated concentrations of uranium (Section 2.3.2.7). Of the 163 Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III gamma logs with elevated API values (above 180 or 150, depending on the maximum scale provided), only one is associated directly with a coal, which is relevant because lignite is generally the type of geologic strata from which uranium has been mined in North Dakota. That gamma log is for SHOB-41R, where API values spike at 9 feet bgs and coal was logged from 8 to 11 feet bgs. An additional six11 gamma logs have API values above 180 (or 150, in the case of the 2009 and 2010 boreholes) in strata either directly above a coal strata (45 gamma logs) or directly below a coal strata (46 gamma logs). For the 2009 gamma logs, one three of the logs has an API above 150 directly below or above a coal stringer. None of the elevated API values are within with the D Coal and only one elevated API value is stratigraphically near the D Coal (a sandstone in borehole SHOB-02R below the D coal which will not be disturbed by mining). Furthermore, the elevated API values generally occur at relatively shallow depths. ElevenTen of the thirteen sixteen Phase I, Phase II and Phase III logs with API values elevated above 180 occur at a

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depth of less than 20 feet bgs. Both Two of the 2009 and 2010 logs with a API above 150 occur at a depth of less than 20 feet bgs. Gamma logs were then compared to overburden uranium content analyzed by whole rock acid digestion (Section 2.3.4.8). Thirty-six samples were analyzed for uranium content, and the results are shown in Table 2.3-12. As shown in Table 2.3-12, uranium was not detected in 34 of the 36 samples. Uranium was detected in two samples: SHOB-41, 20-25’ with a value of 10 mg/kg, and SHOB-36, 15-20’ with a value of 7 mg/kg. Those two samples were from coal and sandstone/coal intervals, respectively. The SHOB-41 (20-25’) interval has API values of 75 to 150, while the SHOB-36 (15-20’) interval has API values of 85 to 150 based on the gamma ray logs. These API values are elevated relative to other coal units at the site, which are typically less than 80 API units; however, those API values are not of the same magnitude as those logs described by Murphy (2006a,b), as described above. Thus, sample SHOB-41 (20-25’), which has both an elevated gamma log (up to 150 API units) and the highest detected uranium concentration within the Study Area (based on the overburden and coal composite samples), does not have a gamma spike that would represent a high uranium strata based on the work by Murphy (2006a,b). Additionally, its uranium concentration is at least an order of magnitude below that which would be considered economic for mining (as described in Section 2.3.2.7). Overall, the gamma logs, overburden whole rock analysis, and coal composite samples do not indicate the presence of elevated or economic uranium in the Study Area. 2.3.7 Coal Quality Characteristics Narrative and Data

According to ASTM classification of coals, the South Heart coal is classified as Lignite A in rank which is characterized by generally high sulfur content, low to moderate ash content, high moisture content, and low heating value. Table 2.3-18 shows the core holes with available coal quality data in the Study Area. 2.3.7.1 Coal Quality Data

Pre-2006 Coal Quality Data Prior to the 2006 and later drilling programs, the coal quality at South Heart was defined by coal from 14 core holes. These core holes, which are identified by the SH02 nomenclature, were drilled by Kiewit Mining Group for GNP in 2002. Core recovery of the D Coal ranged from 87% to 100%. The coal cores were shipped to MVTL in Bismarck where short proximate analyses were run on

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various coal plies within each seam to determine the coal quality variability within the seam. All samples were tested in accordance with ASTM standards and these coal ply analyses were used to determine the composite intervals for each seam in each hole. Analyses included: • • • • • Full proximate; Ultimate; Eight point fusion temperature; Equilibrium moisture; and Apparent specific gravity.

The above analyses were run on the full seam composites for all 14 holes. Sulfur forms and mineral ash were run on only eight of the full seam composites. The laboratory analysis of the cores collected in 2002 had an average as-received BTU heating value of 6,006 BTU per pound (BTU/lb), an ash content of 8.5%, a moisture content of 42.7% and a sulfur content ranging from 0.41 to 1.97% (Table 2.3-19). 2006 and 2007 Coal Quality Data A total of 33 holes were cored, sampled and analyzed within the Study Area during the 2006 and 2007 drilling programs. Appendix 2.3-18 contains core logs of 16 core holes from the 2006 drilling program and core logs of 17 core holes from the 2007 drilling program within the Study Area. Sample preparation and handling were supervised by Norwest. The coal seams were sampled continuously through the coal zones and coal core samples prepared in the field. Cores were quickly placed and sealed in airtight core tubing boxes for shipping. Analytical work was performed to ASTM standards by MVTL in Bismarck, North Dakota. The incremental sample intervals were selected by Norwest geologists to represent the plies within each seam or seam bench and were evaluated by reviewing both the geophysical and core logs. The laboratory was instructed to test these increments for short proximate analysis and sodium content of the ash. Short proximate analyses contain the basic coal quality parameters of moisture, ash, and sulfur percentages on an as-received and dry basis along with the heating value. The incremental sampling and testing allowed Norwest to model each coal seam in a way that the coal will likely be mined. A coal quality database was constructed from these incremental sample

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results and was incorporated into the full geologic database. The following as-received parameters were included in the modeled coal quality database: • • • • • Moisture content (%); Ash content (%); Sulfur content (%); Heating value (BTU/lb); and Sodium content (%).

Mathematical composites of the incremental sample results were used to compile the coal quality database for geologic modeling and forecasting of coal quality. A digital grid was made for each quality parameter for each mineable seam identified within the Study Area. The top 6 inches of a seam were identified as high in sulfur and ash in the modeling results. This bench may be removed prior to mining to effectively help reduce out-of-seam dilution and to optimize the as-shipped coal quality parameters. In addition, the bottom 6 inches of coal seams are typically also high in ash content and commonly are not mined. Twenty eight full seam physical composite samples were also subjected to a suite of analytical tests. These composite analyses included at a minimum: • • • • Proximate; Ultimate; Sulfur forms; and Mineral analysis of ash.

In addition, incremental cutting samples were collected from the 35 air-rotary overburden holes in 2006 and 34 air-rotary overburden holes in 2007 that were not cored, and short-proximate analysis was completed on each incremental sample.

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-43Summary of Coal Core Laboratory Data

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The coal quality summary for core holes found in Table 2.3-20 shows the composite quality by seam for the South Heart reserve base. The summary includes quality on an as-received basis for moisture, ash, sulfur and heat content; sodium and calcium oxide, and sulfur forms (organic, pyritic, and sulfate). This table also includes the minimum, maximum, mean and median values for all the coal quality parameters. The coal seams within the Study Area can be characterized as being moderate to high in ash content. The as-received heat content is slightly lower than what would be expected for coal of this rank due to its higher ash content. Sulfur content values are generally high and nearly all sulfur occurs as pyritic sulfur. Appendix 2.3-19 shows the detailed incremental analyses for all of the cored holes in the Study Area. Table 2.3-21 summarizes the coal quality of all samples taken from the drill cuttings from all the air rotary holes drilled in 2006, and 2007 and 2010. 2.3.7.3 Coal Analysis Summary within the Study Area

A total of forty seven (47) core holes were modeled using increment analysis and the location of these holes are shown on Figure 2.3-23. In addition to core holes, sixty nine (6971) air rotary holes were sampled for coal quality and the air rotary hole locations are shown on Figure 2.3-24. These analyses, however, were not used in developing the coal quality model, as there was too much contamination from the drillhole walls above the sample points. Detailed incremental analyses for all of air the rotary holes within the Study Area are shown in Appendix 2.3-20. Table 2.3-21 summarizes the coal quality of all samples taken from the drill cuttings from all the air rotary holes drilled in 2006, 2007 and 2010. Upper seams (F Coal, E Coal and E1 Coal) The upper seams present in the Study Area are generally weathered (oxidized) and are located in the mine areas where the total cover to the D Coal is high. There are ten quality data points for the E Coal and eight quality data points for the E1 Coal. To date, there are no coal quality samples collected to represent F Coal.

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The E Coal within the Study Area is characterized by relatively low heating value and high sulfur content. The average E Coal heat content (BTUs) value is illustrated on Figure 2.3-25.

Several “bullseye” patterns indicate areas where the E Coal heating values vary abruptly, ranging from 3,300 to 5,900 BTU/lb are present. Note, the heating value differences are present between the pre-2006 core hole quality and the 2007 core hole quality in Sections 15 and 16 in the north and Sections 26 and 27 in the south. These heating value differences are due to a variance in sample depth, high ash, and seam oxidation. The E Coal sulfur and sodium content is illustrated on Figure 2.3-26 and Figure 2.3-27, respectively. Figure 2.3-28 is an isopleth map of moisture content of the E Coal while Figure 2.3-29 is the isopleth of the ash content. E1 Coal The E1 Coal within the Study Area is characterized by relatively low heating value and high sulfur content. The average E1 Coal heat content (BTUs) value is illustrated on Figure 2.3-30.

The “bullseye” patterns indicate an area where the E1 Coal heating values vary abruptly, ranging from 5,700 to 6,200 BTU/lb. Note, the heating value differences are present between the pre-2006 core hole quality and the 2007 core hole quality in Section 27 in the south. These heating value differences are due to variance n sample depth, high ash, and seam oxidation. The E1 Coal sulfur and sodium content are illustrated on Figure 2.3-31 and Figure 2.3-32, respectively. Figure 2.3-33 is an isopleth map of moisture content of the E1 Coal while Figure 2.3-34 is the isopleth of the ash content. D Coal The D Coal within the Study Area is characterized by relatively low heating value and high sulfur content. The average D Coal heat content (BTUs) value is illustrated on Figure 2.3-35.

The "bullseye" patterns indicate an area where the D Coal heating values are relatively low, ranging from 5,200 to 5,600 BTU/lb. Note, the bullseye pattern around hole SH02-07c in Section 16 is due in part to oxidization of the top 5.5 ft of the seam. Additional drilling in 2007 delineates the extent of the oxidation in this area of the seam. The D Coal has significantly higher sulfur content

and a moderate to high sodium content than typical lignite (based on qualities seen at other lignite operations) as illustrated on Figure 2.3-36 and Figure 2.3-37, respectively. Figure 2.3-38 is an isopleth map of moisture content of the D Coal while Figure 2.3-39 is the isopleth of the ash content.

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There are only three quality data points in the computer generated geologic model for HT Butte Coal which is the deepest coal seam in the reserve area (Figure 2.3-40). The HT Butte Coal quality data shows it is generally low in heating content, has moderate ash and moisture content and is high in sulfur content. In 2009 two water monitoring wells were cored (HQ-size) to below HT Butte Coal. A total of 21 incremental and 4 composite core samples were taken from these two holes. The composite samples focused on the D Coal and HT Butte Coal. Survey data along with total depth, depth to the D Coal, and D Coal thickness for these two holes are provided in Table 2.3-5. The composite quality summary for these two cored holes can be found in Table 2.3-20 and incremental analysis results in Appendix 2.3-19. Geophysical logs (gamma, density, resistivity) were used to validate the depth intervals of the E Coal, D Coal and HT Butte Coal. These two holes have not been included in the computer generated geologic model given that no significant material changes in seam thickness and/or coal quality was observed from the core samples. The location of these two holes, relevant seam thickness, and coal quality results are posted in the seam thickness and coal quality figures for reference. 2.3.7.4 Coal Quality Summary within the Permit Area

As previously mentioned, the coals within the Study Area are classified as Lignite A in rank according to the ASTM classification system. Coals within the Study Area have been modeled and characterized by core samples from forty-seven holes which were completed between 2002 and 2007. Details regarding data collection, sampling and analytical testing have been described in previous sections of this application. Results of computer modeling for the D Coal over the entire Study Area have been described and presented on Figure 2.3-35, Figure 2.3-36, Figure 2.3-37, Figure 2.3-38, and Figure 2.3-39. The D Coal within the Permit Area is approximately 17.24 ft thick and contains approximately 118.2 million tons of in-place coal resource. Average, as-received, in-place quality characteristics for the D Coal within the 4,581-acre Permit Boundary are as follows: • • Moisture: 42.5%; Ash: 8.3%;

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Revision 1 • • • Sulfur: 0.88%; Heating content: 6,016 BTU/lb; and Sodium: 5.0%.

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The quality parameters are shown on Figure 2.3-35, Figure 2.3-36, Figure 2.3-37, Figure 2.3-38, and Figure 2.3-39. The E Coal within the Permit Area is approximately 2.65 ft thick and contains approximately 1.5 million tons of in-place coal resource. Average, as-received, in-place quality characteristics for the E Coal within the 4,581-acre Permit Boundary are as follows: • • • • • Moisture: 45.9%; Ash: 11.4%; Sulfur: 1.16%; Heating content: 4,850 BTU/lb; and Sodium: 5.1%.

The quality parameters are shown on Figure 2.3-25, Figure 2.3-26, Figure 2.3-27, Figure 2.3-28, and Figure 2.3-29. The E1 Coal within the Permit Area is approximately 1.8 ft thick and contains approximately 3.7 million tons of in-place coal resource. Average, as-received, in-place quality characteristics for the E1 Coal within the 4,581-acre Permit Boundary are as follows: • • • • • Moisture: 42.6%; Ash: 8.9%; Sulfur: 1.69%; Heating content: 6,101 BTU/lb; and Sodium: 5.4%.

The quality parameters are shown on Figure 2.3-30, Figure 2.3-31, Figure 2.3-32, Figure 2.3-33, and Figure 2.3-34.

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TABLES

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FIGURES

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APPENDIX 2.3-1 PREVIOUS MINE SEARCH RESULTS

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APPENDIX 2.3-2 NDIC DMR, OIL AND GAS DIVISION WELL SEARCH RESULTS

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APPENDIX 2.3-3 WELL NO. 6369

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APPENDIX 2.3-4 WELL NO. 4975

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APPENDIX 2.3-5 SUMMARY OF 2002 OVERBURDEN ANALYSES BY BOREHOLE

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APPENDIX 2.3-6 SUMMARY OF PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, AND 2010 OVERBURDEN ANALYSES BY BOREHOLE WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-7 SUMMARY OF SHALLOW OVERBURDEN ANALYSES BY BOREHOLE WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-8 2002 OVERBURDEN LABORATORY DATA SHEETS

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APPENDIX 2.3-9 PHASE I, PHASE II AND 2010 OVERBURDEN LABORATORY DATA SHEETS

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APPENDIX 2.3-10 PHASE III OVERBURDEN LABORATORY DATA SHEETS

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APPENDIX 2.3-11 SHALLOW OVERBURDEN LABORATORY DATA SHEETS

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APPENDIX 2.3-12 SUITE TWO ANALYSES LABORATORY DATA SHEETS

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APPENDIX 2.3-13 2002 LITHOLOGIC LOGS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-14 PHASE II, PHASE III AND 2010 LITHOLOGIC LOGS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-15 SHALLOW OVERBURDEN LITHOLOGIC LOGS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-16 2002 GEOPHYSICAL LOGS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-17 PHASE II, PHASE III, AND 2010 GEOPHYSICAL LOGS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-18 COAL LOGS 2007 WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-19 DETAILED INCREMENTAL ANALYSES FOR THE CORED HOLES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 2.3-20 DETAILED INCREMENTAL ANALYSES FOR THE ROTARY HOLES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

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TABLE 2.3-1 NORTH DAKOTA GENERALIZED STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN FOR THE WILLISTON BASIN1 SEQUENCE Tejas PERIOD Tertiary GROUP OR FORMATION

Zuni

Absaroka

Kaskaskia

Tippecanoe

Sauk

Glacial Deposits White River Formation Golden Valley Formation Fort Union Group: Sentinel Butte, Tongue River (Bullion Creek), Slope, Ludlow, and Cannonball Formations2 Jurassic, Hell Creek Formation Cretaceous Montana Group: Fox Hills and Pierre Colorado Group: Niobrara, Carlile, Greenhorn, and Belle Fourche Dakota Group: Mowry, Newcastle, Skull Creek, Fall River, Lakota Morrison Formation Sundance Formation Piper Formation Pennsylvanian, Spearfish Formation Permian, Minnekahta Triassic Opeche Formation Minnelusa Formation Amsden Formation Devonian, Big Snow Group Mississippian Madison Formation Bakken Formation Three Forks Formation Birdbear Formation Duperow Formation Soris River Formation Dawson Bay Formation Prairie Formation Winnipegosis Formation Middle and Interlake Formation Upper Stonewall Formation Ordovician, Stoney Mountain Formation: Gunton Member, Stoughton Member Silurian Red River Formation Winnipeg Group: Roughlock, Icebox, and Black Island CambrianDeadwood Formation Lower Ordovician Precambrian

1

Table based on Carlson and Anderson (1965); stratigraphic column shown in approximate descending (youngest to oldest) order. 2 Clayton et al. 1977

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TABLE 2.3-2 CORRELATION OF THE LIGNITE TERMINOLOGY BETWEEN THE SHLM, NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY (NPRC) AND THE USGS SHLM Terminology NPRC Terminology USGS Terminology Alamo Bluff or Taylor Bed Dickinson (DK)2 Lehigh2 F Coal E Coal E1 Coal D Coal HT Butte Coal E D Heart River1,2 Fryburg1,2 C coal zone (CZ)2 HT Butte 1 (HT1)2 HT Butte1 HT Butte 2 (HT2)2 2 Harmon (Hr) Hansen (Hn)2
3

Formation of Coal Golden Valley Formation Sentinel Butte Sentinel Butte Sentinel Butte Sentinel Butte Sentinel Butte Sentinel Butte Sentinel Butte Tongue River Tongue River Tongue River Tongue River

1 2

From Armstrong (1984) From Menge (1977). 3 From Biek and Murphy (1997). 4 From Keim (1961) and Northern Pacific Railway Company (1963).

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TABLE 2.3-3 NORTH DAKOTA PREVIOUS MINES AML PRINTOUT NUMBER 349 363 362 67 TOWNSHIP 139N 138N 138N 139N 139N 199 360 139N 139N 139N 139N 139N 139N SECTION 16 PARTSECTION

RANGE

DESCRIPTION

NAME

98W 98W 98W 97W 97W 98W 98W 99W 99W 99W 99W

WITHIN STUDY AREA N½ Private surface mine WITHIN 5 MILES OF STUDY AREA 7 NW Holes dug in ground and filled with water 9 NW No data 18 Surface mine with coal seam 6 feet and 10 feet of overburden, mined until 1946 18 SE, S½ Surface mine with coal seam 5 feet and 15 feet of overburden, mined until 1947 6 NW No data 6 SW Underground mine that operated 1909 to 1935 1 4 4 4 SE NE, S½ NW, NE An additional legal description Eastern Star/Polensky Coal Mines fall with this AML number Eastern Star/Polensky Coal Mines fall with this AML number Commercial local and underground slope that operated 1929 to 1942/Surface mine that operated in 1950 No data Commercial local surface mine that operated from 1931 to 1952, not known if 497/65 Surface mine that operated from 1913 to 1921 Commercial surface mine that operated from 1932 to 1950 No data

Adamski Coal Mine Perzinski Coal Mine

Zenith Coal Mine and Zarak Coal Mine

351 350 351/350

Eastern Star Coal Mine/Polensky Coal Mine Marsh Coal Mine Wiley Coal or North Creek Coal Mine Karsky Coal Mine

497 497/65 65 66 352

140N 140N 140N 140N 140N

98W 98W 98W 98W 99W

26 26 26 27 27

NW, SW

SW SE, N½ SW

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TABLE 2.3-3 NORTH DAKOTA PREVIOUS MINES AML PRINTOUT NUMBER 357 TOWNSHIP 140N SECTION 34 PARTSECTION SE

RANGE 99W

DESCRIPTION

NAME Gross (aka Cross) Coal Mine Polanchek Coal Mine (Andy’s Coal Mine) Hanson (aka Hansen) Coal Mine Dietz Coal Mine

353 354 69 68 70 355

139N 139N 140N 140N 140N 140N

99W 99W 97W 97W 97W 99W

Commercial underground slope single entry min that operated from 1913 to 1918 Commercial surface mine that operated from 1935 to 1951 JUST OUTSIDE 5 MILES OF STUDY AREA 19 NW Commercial local and underground that operated 1931 to 1935 20 NW Commercial local surface mine that operated on and off from 1936 to 1953 27 NW No data 28 NE No data 28 NE, E½ No data 28 SE Underground (1923-1932) and surface mine (1933-1935) Commercial surface mine that operated 1945, 1947, 1948, and 1949 to 1952

Lerfald Lignite Mine or Lerfield Lignite Mine Thomas Coal Mine or Individual Coal Mine

Data summarized from Nelson 2007 AML: Abandoned Mine Lands aka: also know as N: North, W: West, E: East, S: South, NW: Northwest, NE: Northeast, SW: Southwest, SE: Southeast

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TABLE 2.3-4 OVERBURDEN SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROGRAMS Program Kiewit 2002 Phase I Phase II Phase III 2010 Shallow Overburden Program Date Mar-02 Oct-06 Oct-06 Oct-07 Jun-10 Oct-08 Drilling Method Coring or air rotary Sonic Air rotary Air rotary Air rotary Direct push Number of Boreholes Sampled 2 5 48 44 2 30 Sampling Samples Collected & Footage Drilled Analyzed 207 1,407 5,708 4,038 270 981 41 230 971 858 47 310 Borehole Identification SH02-04C & SH02-10C SHMW-04D, SHMW-05D, SHMW-06D, SHMW-10D2, & SHMW-12D SHOB-01 through SHOB-48 SHOB-101 through SHOB-144 SHOB-201 & SHOB-202 SOSH-01 through SOSH-53*

Notes: Mar = March Oct = October Jun = June * Field notes and lab data sheets use IDs SH01 through SH53

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TABLE 2.3-5 BOREHOLE DATA FOR 2002, PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, 2009, AND 2010 BOREHOLES FOR OVERBURDEN AND COAL CHARACTERIZATION

Coordinates Borehole ID X SHMW-04D SHMW-05D SHMW-06D SHMW-10D2 SHMW-12D SHOB-01R SHOB-02R SHOB-03R SHOB-04R SHOB-05R SHOB-06BR SHOB-07R SHOB-08R SHOB-09R SHOB-10R SHOB-11R SHOB-12R SHOB-13R SHOB-14R SHOB-15C SHOB-16R SHOB-17R SHOB-18R SHOB-19R SHOB-20R SHOB-21R SHOB-22R SHOB-23R SHOB-24R SHOB-25C SHOB-26R SHOB-27R SHOB-28R SHOB-29R SHOB-30C SHOB-31R SHOB-32R SHOB-33R SHOB-34R SHOB-35R SHOB-36R SHOB-37R SHOB-38R SHOB-39R SHOB-40R SHOB-41R SHOB-42R SHOB-43R SHOB-44R SHOB-45R SHOB-46R SHOB-47R SHOB-48R SH02-04C SH02-10C 1366818 1353789 1364184 1370596 1369166 1361206 1363799 1354560 1362459 1365075 1366390 1367701 1355820 1363733 1368973 1358399 1361030 1363684 1364991 1366325 1367607 1355739 1357059 1359662 1362334 1363579 1364940 1366253 1368886 1360918 1363594 1364913 1366253 1367554 1372841 1359614 1362235 1364865 1366202 1374125 1360883 1363512 1364827 1372764 1359525 1363463 1370055 1374054 1368692 1364634 1367294 1365958 1368569 1326726 1337725 Y 443811 441206 438877 436730 432062 446831 446782 445681 445475 445416 445376 445355 444324 444106 443989 442945 442880 442807 442772 442783 442706 441700 441675 441597 441522 441484 441454 441421 441344 440232 440178 440139 440096 440072 439954 438954 438897 438840 438808 438569 437598 437534 437522 437289 436311 436198 436046 435939 434761 432247 432157 430880 430797 445088 442207 Z 2544 2639 2550 2502 2559 2542 2505 2565 2541 2526 2516 2508 2583 2575 2516 2567 2573 2536 2546 2555 2529 2602 2594 2563 2541 2528 2520 2524 2503 2568 2545 2534 2514 2509 2518 2618 2602 2534 2517 2502 2585 2565 2540 2517 2565 2542 2501 2519 2522 2550 2540 2536 2550 2641 2510

Depth to D Coal (ft bgs) 69 153 55 37 122 56 28 57 38 47 45 44 70 77 63 62 78 33 67 86 65 103 96 43 40 53 39 74 65 60 60 60 75 53 53 119 125 44 55 48 78 65 42 49 21 45 37 68 46 42 67 40 120 72.8 67

D Coal Thickness (feet) 16.5 22.5 15.0 17.1 14.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 18.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 19.0 16.0 17.0 17.0 22.0 16.0 18.0 16.7 18.0 19.0 20.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 17.0 19.0 17.0 15.5 19.0 15.0 19.0 19.0 21.3 18.0 19.0 17.0 19.0 23.0 17.0 16.0 16.0 19.0 16.0 16.0 19.0 16.0 17.0 14.0 18.0 16.0 17.5 7.9 na

Total Depth (ft bgs) 255 250 252 400 250 85 210 90 70 75 75 75 280 105 200 90 110 60 190 118 100 135 130 70 70 250 70 105 95 85 90 90 105 85 220 150 155 75 250 85 105 95 70 80 50 200 70 100 160 70 100 210 150 140 67

Located Located Within Permit Within Mine Boundary Pit Boundary Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes

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TABLE 2.3-5 BOREHOLE DATA FOR 2002, PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, 2009, AND 2010 BOREHOLES FOR OVERBURDEN AND COAL CHARACTERIZATION

Coordinates Borehole ID X SHOB-101R SHOB-102R SHOB-103R SHOB-104R SHOB-105R SHOB-106R SHOB-107R SHOB-108R SHOB-109R SHOB-110R SHOB-111R SHOB-112R SHOB-113R SHOB-114R SHOB-115R SHOB-116R SHOB-117R SHOB-118R SHOB-119R SHOB-120R SHOB-120R1 SHOB-120R2 SHOB-120R3 SHOB-120R4 SHOB-120R5 SHOB-120R6 SHOB-121R SHOB-122R SHOB-123R SHOB-124R SHOB-125R SHOB-126R SHOB-127R SHOB-128R SHOB-129R SHOB-130R SHOB-131R SHOB-133R1 SHOB-133R2 SHOB-133R3 SHOB-133R4 SHOB-133R5 SHOB-132R SHOB-133R SHOB-134R SHOB-135R SHOB-136R SHOB-137R SHOB-138R SHOB-139R SHOB-140R SHOB-141R SHOB-142R SHOB-143R SHOB-144R SHMW-03HTB SHMW-08HTB SHOB-201R SHOB-202R 1361125 1363760 1365044 1367673 1355776 1357081 1359766 1362345 1368941 1358301 1360982 1367584 1359624 1362246 1368454 1370177 1371502 1374171 1360892 1367510 1367781 1367674 1367732 1367710 1367724 1367682 1368804 1370152 1371464 1372808 1361825 1359541 1366219 1367429 1368806 1370096 1360819 1364865 1364959 1365050 1365243 1365412 1362134 1364789 1366088 1367403 1368720 1364604 1366098 1364688 1366037 1367623 1366009 1364599 1367262 1369635 1358947 1362412 1361032 Y 445511 445455 443681 443579 443015 442978 443359 442840 442668 441641 441582 441359 440276 440209 440423 440075 439944 439881 438498 438751 438042 438333 438182 438254 438207 438327 438716 438682 438633 438588 437977 437642 437451 437443 437416 437353 436293 436054 435931 435817 435581 435367 436649 436181 436088 436131 436016 434931 434802 433527 433513 433279 432202 430917 430844 445864 437741 444181 444214 Z 2569 2540 2570 2545 2589 2576 2580 2560 2526 2583 2549 2523 2599 2546 2501 2497 2508 2490 2604 2531 2505 2504 2505 2505 2505 2506 2515 2499 2507 2509 2585 2603 2511 2506 2503 2499 2542 2536 2541 2534 2530 2527 2562 2527 2508 2505 2515 2512 2510 2514 2520 2558 2519 2563 2527 2504 2608 2579 2622

Depth to D Coal (ft bgs) 80 35 75 85 80 75 85 65 70 75 40 90 95 45 60 40 50 50 110 65 no coal 35 no coal 38 no coal NR 50 30 50 45 105 120 no coal no coal no coal 25 no coal 51 56 57 43 35 60 45 no coal 25 40 25 no coal no coal no coal 85 no coal 65 58* 58.3 114 130 80

D Coal Thickness (feet) 10 15 15 10 15 15 20 20 20 15 15 20 15 15 15 15 15 20 10 15 no coal 16 no coal 10 no coal NR 20 20 15 20 15 10 no coal no coal no coal 15 no coal 17 17 8 16 17 15 20 no coal 15 20 25 no coal no coal no coal 10 no coal 15 17* 18.2 20 15 16

Total Depth (ft bgs) 105 65 105 110 110 105 120 100 100 105 70 120 120 75 90 70 80 85 135 100 80 65 60 60 60 70 80 60 80 80 135 145 80 60 68 60 120 80 85 75 75 65 85 75 80 70 75 50 120 80 80 110 80 95 100 224 314 160 110

Located Located Within Permit Within Mine Boundary Pit Boundary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Notes: - Coordinate System: State Plane, Zone: North Dakota South FIPS 3302, Datum: NAD 72, Units: Feet - "ft bgs" = feet below ground surface - NR = Not recorded - Boreholes drilled deeper than 10 feet below the D coal are shown in bold * Coal Depth and thickness for SHOB-144R based on driller comments

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TABLE 2.3-6 BOREHOLE DATA FOR SOUTH HEART SHALLOW OVERBURDEN BOREHOLES FOR OVERBURDEN CHARACTERIZATION Coordinates Borehole ID SOSH-01 SOSH-02 SOSH-03 SOSH-04 SOSH-05 SOSH-06 SOSH-07 SOSH-08 SOSH-09 SOSH-10 SOSH-11 SOSH-12 SOSH-13 SOSH-14 SOSH-15 SOSH-16 SOSH-17 SOSH-18 SOSH-19 SOSH-20 SOSH-21 SOSH-22 SOSH-23 SOSH-24 SOSH-25 SOSH-26 SOSH-27 SOSH-28 SOSH-29 SOSH-30 SOSH-31 SOSH-32 SOSH-33 SOSH-34 SOSH-35 SOSH-36 SOSH-37A SOSH-37B SOSH-38 SOSH-40 SOSH-41 SOSH-43 SOSH-45 SOSH-46 SOSH-47 SOSH-49 SOSH-50 SOSH-51 SOSH-52 SOSH-53 X 1368754 1369300 1368797 1367170 1365965 1365035 1364514 1364566 1365551 1364305 1363766 1363845 1363118 1362201 1360674 1359264 1367874 1366981 1366900 1366762 1366546 1366408 1365948 1365963 1365606 1365566 1365445 1365252 1365283 1363846 1363496 1363190 1362691 1362594 1362124 1361783 1361122 1361193 1360761 1360297 1360188 1359943 1359690 1359529 1359515 1359089 1360459 1359884 1361115 1359254 Y 441823 441263 443526 438564 438951 438712 439045 438225 438005 436607 437251 439124 439173 437010 436860 436366 439048 439124 438346 438777 438441 438124 437656 438314 438543 439018 437640 438303 438982 438554 438208 438707 438707 438200 438506 438954 436762 437022 437198 436611 436175 436726 436224 436905 437248 437072 437459 437572 437315 437532 Z 2509 2499 2521 2531 2518 2531 2535 2552 2531 2530 2551 2550 2565 2562 2550 2567 2518 2511 2532 2517 2528 2521 2530 2523 2526 2521 2534 2535 2524 2561 2573 2575 2593 2584 2587 2597 2567 2586 2591 2552 2553 2563 2565 2576 2587 2586 2593 2594 2576 2596 Total Depth (ft bgs) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 14 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Located Within Permit Boundary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Located Within Mine Pit Boundary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Geochemical Analysis Performed Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No

Notes: - Coordinate System: State Plane, Zone: North Dakota South FIPS 3302, Datum: NAD 72, Units: Feet - Shallow Overburden Borehole X and Y coordinates measured by handheld GPS with a 7 meter accuracy - Shallow Overburden Borehole surface elevation (Z coordinate) calculated from digital elevation model with 2.5 foot vertical accuracy - "ft bgs" = feet below ground surface

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TABLE 2.3-7 OVERBURDEN ANALYTES - SUITE ONE Analysis Calcium Magnesium Sodium Sodium adsorption ratio Electrical conductivity pH Saturation percentage Texture, including percent silt, percent sand, and percent clay Method Saturated extract Saturated extract Saturated extract Calculation Saturated extract Saturated extract -Method Code Saturated extract by USDA No. 60, Method (3a) with ICP-OES analysis by A.S.A. Monograph #9, Method 3-5.4 or by EPA 6010 USDA No. 60, Method (20b) A.S.A. Monograph #9, Method 10-3.3 USDA No. 60, Method (21a) or A.S.A. Monograph #9, Method 10-3.2 USDA No. 60, Method (27b) or A.S.A. Monograph #9, Method 10-2.3.1 A.S.A. Monograph #9, Method 15-5

Hydrometer method

USDA = United States Department of Agriculture A.S.A. = American Society of Agronomy ICP-OES = inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy

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TABLE 2.3-8 OVERBURDEN ANALYTES—SUITE TWO Analysis Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure Whole rock acid digestion for metals analysis Acid Base Accounting Ground Water Leaching Procedure Method EPA Method 1312 EPA 3010/6010B Sobek et al., 1978 Unofficial Method Notes Analysis included: acidity, alkalinity, Cl, EC, F, hardness, pH, TDS, TSS, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, As, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, U, V Al, As, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, V, Zn Included total sulfur, pyritic sulfur, sulfate sulfur, and neutralization potential Arsenic Number of Samples Analyzed 122 35 48 9

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TABLE 2.3-9 SUMMARY OF 2002, PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, AND 2010 OVERBURDEN DATA FOR OVERBURDEN ANALYSIS Above D Coal in Mine Pit 0.05 7.79 33.4 988 <0.08 13.70 173 988 0.32 33.6 345 988 0.23 17.0 65.0 988 3.3 7.9 9.7 989 0.24 4.04 26.5 989 21.0 96.8 634 988 0 31.2 91.3 970 4.9 39.4 76 970 1.3 29.4 73 970 All Samples Collected 0.05 5.06 135 2097 <0.04 8.21 173 2097 0.32 27.9 639 2097 0.23 20.7 78.3 2097 3.3 8.3 9.8 2101 0.22 3.14 41.2 2102 16.3 103 634 2104 0 32.5 91.3 2109 2.5 38.4 76 2109 1.3 29.1 78 2109

Parameter Calcium (meq/L)

Statistics Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number

Above D Coal 0.05 7.34 135 1277 <0.08 12.41 173 1277 0.32 32.9 345 1277 0.23 17.6 78.3 1277 3.3 8.0 9.8 1278 0.24 3.88 26.5 1278 16.3 96.7 634 1277 0 31.4 91.3 1269 4.9 39.3 76 1269 1.3 29.4 73 1269

Magnesium (meq/L)

Sodium (meq/L)

SAR

Paste pH (s.u.)

Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm)

Saturation Percent (%)

Percent Sand (%)

Percent Silt (%)

Percent Clay (%)

Notes: - Arithmetic average shown - Number = total number of samples used in calculation - SAR = Sodium Adsorption Ratio - meq/L = millequivalent per liter - mS/cm = milliSiemens per centimeter - s.u. = standard units - % = percent

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TABLE 2.3-10 SUMMARY OF SHALLOW OVERBURDEN DATA FOR OVERBURDEN ANALYSIS All Samples Collected 0.20 7.76 27.7 310 0.10 12.8 75.8 310 0.20 23.5 142 310 0.14 8.39 30.1 310 5.6 8.1 9.1 310 0.25 3.28 12.0 310 22.0 86.5 250 310 1 27 84 310 9 44 73 310 2 28 69 310

Parameter Calcium (meq/L)

Statistics Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number Minimum Average Maximum Number

Magnesium (meq/L)

Sodium (meq/L)

SAR

Paste pH (s.u.)

Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm)

Saturation Percent (%)

Percent Sand (%.)

Percent Silt (%)

Percent Clay (%)

Notes: - Arithmetic average shown. - Number = total number of samples used in calculation - SAR = Sodium Adsorption Ratio - meq/L = millequivalent per liter - mS/cm = milliSiemens per centimeter - s.u. = standard units

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TABLE 2.3-11 SUITE TWO RESULTS: ACID BASE ACCOUNTING
Top Depth 5 21 37 39 54 61 12 43 57 105 146 5 21.5 46.5 10 25 25 15 40 30 10 40 55 10 25 35 60 20 5 45 5 35 25 10 60 26 15 15 35 15 35 15 10 20 15 20 30 15 Bottom Depth (ft bgs) SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHOB-01R SHOB-03R SHOB-03R SHOB-04R SHOB-05R SHOB-05R SHOB-08R SHOB-09R SHOB-09R SHOB-09R SHOB-09R SHOB-10R SHOB-12R SHOB-12R SHOB-14R SHOB-14R SHOB-17R SHOB-19R SHOB-23R SHOB-25C SHOB-32R SHOB-36R SHOB-37R SHOB-38R SHOB-38R SHOB-39R SHOB-40R SHOB-40R SHOB-41R SHOB-41R SHOB-43R SHOB-46R 10 23 38 42 54 61 14 48 63 110 151 8 25 51.5 15 30 30 20 45 35 15 45 60 15 30 40 65 25 10 50 10 40 30 15 65 31 20 20 40 20 40 20 15 25 20 25 35 20 Sulfur Forms Pyritic Sulfate wt. % wt. % 0.02 0.76 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.62 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.8 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.34 <0.01 0.37 <0.01 0.02 0.02 0.35 <0.01 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.5 0.11 0.01 0.15 0.02 0.02 0.61 0.91 0.31 0.32 <0.01 0.27 1.31 0.89 0.01 0.08 0.06 0.56 0.07 <0.01 0.26 <0.01 1.03 0.69 <0.01 0.02 0.47 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.34 0.07 0.81 0.46 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.08 0.44 <0.01 0.08 0.03 0.32 <0.01 0.14 0.02 0.29 <0.01 0.03 0.13 0.59 0.34 0.25 0.2 0.36 0.4 0.07 0.05 1.03 Acid Potential Neutralization Potential Net Neutralization Potential (tCaCO3/kt) 37.5 3.1 2.5 4.1 2.5 1.9 21.2 2.5 26.6 0.6 11.6 12.5 0.6 11.9 3.1 2.5 5 26.2 5.3 6.2 22.8 41.6 10.9 78.1 45.6 7.8 21.2 9.7 38.4 23.1 19.1 1.6 15 27.8 14.4 <0.5 6.2 21.6 2.5 10.9 4.4 10.3 0.9 40.9 19.7 29.4 15.9 64.1 (tCaCO3/kt) 12.8 120 111 125 26 61.9 29.6 16.7 28.4 120 10.9 29.1 129 61.4 91.2 38.9 38.4 7.5 69.6 88.7 26.6 52.5 70.8 <0.5 26.7 86.1 67.6 107 11.9 66.2 11.1 110 8.5 36.3 68.7 145 31 48.2 107 63.5 21.6 20.5 65.7 7.6 88.2 63.2 18.9 <0.5 (tCaCO3/kt) -24.7 117 108 121 23.5 60 8.4 14.2 1.8 119 -0.7 16.6 128 49.5 88.1 36.4 33.4 -18.7 64.3 82.5 3.8 10.9 59.9 -78.1 -18.9 78.3 46.4 97.3 -26.5 43.1 -8 108 -6.5 8.5 54.3 145 24.8 26.6 104 52.6 17.2 10.2 64.8 -33.3 68.5 33.8 3 -64.1

Sample Borehole

Total wt. % 1.2 0.1 0.08 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.68 0.08 0.85 0.02 0.37 0.4 0.02 0.38 0.1 0.08 0.16 0.84 0.17 0.2 0.73 1.33 0.35 2.5 1.4 0.25 0.68 0.31 1.23 0.74 0.61 0.05 0.48 0.89 0.46 0.01 0.2 0.69 0.08 0.35 0.14 0.33 0.03 1.31 0.63 0.94 0.51 2.05

NOTES:
- ft bgs = feet below ground surface - wt. % = weight percent - tCaCO3/kt = tons of calcium carbonate per kiloton - Analyses performed by Northern Analytical Laboratories Inc. of Billings, MT - When sample top depth = sample bottom depth, sample was a discrete sample rather than composite - Duplicates not shown in data set - Results in bold were performed on samples from boreholes within the mine pit boundary

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TABLE 2.3-12 SUITE TWO RESULTS: WHOLE ROCK ACID DIGESTION FOR METALS Top Depth Bottom Depth (ft bgs)

Sample Borehole

SHMW-04D 5 10 SHMW-04D 12 14 SHMW-04D 21 23 SHMW-04D 37 38 SHMW-04D 39 42 SHMW-04D 54 54 SHMW-04D 61 61 SHMW-05D 43 48 SHMW-05D 57 63 SHMW-05D 105 110 SHMW-05D 146 151 5 8 SHMW-06D SHMW-06D 21.5 25 SHMW-06D 46.5 51.5 SHMW-10D2 10 15 SHMW-10D2 25 30 SHOB-01R 25 30 SHOB-04R 30 35 SHOB-08R 55 60 SHOB-09R 25 30 SHOB-10R 20 25 SHOB-12R 45 50 SHOB-14R 35 40 SHOB-19R 10 15 SHOB-23R 60 65 SHOB-24R 40 45 SHOB-27R 40 45 SHOB-29R 35 40 SHOB-34R 30 35 SHOB-36R 15 20 SHOB-39R 15 20 SHOB-40R 20 25 SHOB-41R 15 20 SHOB-41R 20 25 SHOB-43R 30 35 Average Crustal Abundance* NOTES:

Al (mg/kg) 890 23300 3770 35700 25300 40700 28600 45400 34100 18000 49000 40800 22400 16900 28500 27800 17400 12400 17400 11600 11900 13200 8020 15100 15100 13400 13200 12400 12300 6060 13800 7000 10000 5320 15400 813,000

As (mg/kg) <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 32 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 11 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 24 <10 <10 14 19 11 1.8

Ba (mg/kg) 1900 222 235 172 218 193 339 782 214 165 277 327 178 102 241 236 161 121 144 314 404 274 52 270 90 114 99 84 76 452 161 1220 161 395 157 425

B (mg/kg) <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 104 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 11 13 10 12 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 10

Cd (mg/kg) <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 0.2

Cr (mg/kg) <10 40 48 32 31 49 38 44 41 42 51 43 30 28 35 35 28 26 30 25 18 24 21 21 27 26 28 25 24 19 27 11 16 29 28 100

Cu (mg/kg) 26 24 59 43 22 59 39 43 44 33 46 48 29 29 20 19 38 27 36 47 21 28 16 34 30 41 35 41 33 29 35 16 147 21 40 55

Fe (mg/kg) 1130 27700 4010 24400 23800 31800 22600 29700 33200 20800 27500 35500 36100 19900 24500 22900 23100 44400 25100 20900 74700 21200 13800 24700 27200 23000 26300 23100 20500 28300 22000 16700 18700 21200 26200 50,000

Pb (mg/kg) <10 <10 18 17 10 18 <10 19 12 <10 25 14 <10 <10 <10 <10 17 11 14 14 13 15 <10 21 13 13 10 12 <10 <10 14 <10 14 <10 15 13

Mn (mg/kg) 126 229 931 336 302 183 223 163 254 332 214 392 476 181 241 247 209 1360 250 178 1400 278 216 390 375 280 576 310 326 260 202 118 297 130 208 950

Hg (mg/kg) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1

Mo (mg/kg) <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 7 <10 1.5

Ni (mg/kg) 10 34 50 22 19 32 30 34 67 17 17 34 15 24 31 30 39 37 40 29 19 31 33 25 38 39 37 38 39 14 49 16 18 22 44 75

Se (mg/kg) <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <50 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 0.1

U (mg/kg) <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 7 <10 <10 <10 10 <10 1.8

V (mg/kg) 13 48 76 47 33 78 50 68 60 42 79 70 40 37 50 50 41 41 42 43 29 34 25 33 39 36 39 32 33 33 38 19 24 64 40 135

Zn (mg/kg) 20 60 105 72 44 110 64 94 79 43 104 97 40 67 64 63 106 83 94 76 63 81 69 76 84 92 87 92 84 34 101 29 59 47 101 70

- ft bgs = feet below ground surface - mg/kg = Milligrams per Kilogram - Analyses performed by Northern Analytical Laboratories Inc. of Billings, MT - When sample top depth = sample bottom depth, sample was a discrete sample rather than composite - Duplicates not shown in data set - Results in bold were performed on samples from boreholes within the mine pit boundary *values from Krauskopt and Bird (1995)

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TABLE 2.3-13 SUITE TWO RESULTS: SYNTHETIC PRECIPITATION LEACHING PROCEDURE Top Depth (ft bgs) SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-04D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-05D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-06D SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-12D SHMW-12D SHMW-12D SHMW-12D SHMW-12D SHMW-12D SHMW-12D SHOB-01R SHOB-01R SHOB-02R SHOB-02R SHOB-02R SHOB-02R SHOB-03R SHOB-03R SHOB-04R SHOB-04R SHOB-05R SHOB-05R SHOB-07R SHOB-08R SHOB-08R SHOB-09R SHOB-09R SHOB-09R SHOB-10R SHOB-10R SHOB-11R SHOB-12R SHOB-12R SHOB-12R SHOB-13R SHOB-14R SHOB-15C SHOB-15C SHOB-16R SHOB-16R SHOB-16R SHOB-17R SHOB-18R SHOB-19R SHOB-20R SHOB-21R SHOB-21R SHOB-21R SHOB-22R SHOB-22R 21 37 54 61 158 185 195 57 105 146 175 210 244 5 21.5 46.5 78 167 200 216 10 25 75 92 123 130 162 29 44 80 95 173 196.5 225 25 45 5 50 85 170 15 40 15 30 10 40 10 25 55 25 35 70 20 50 55 20 25 45 10 30 50 75 20 45 95 85 50 30 30 25 155 215 15 65 23 38 54 61 163 190 200 63 110 151 177.5 215 250 8 25 51.5 83 172 205 221 15 30 80 95 130 135 166 33 49 81.5 100 178 202.5 230 30 50 10 55 90 175 20 45 20 35 15 45 15 30 60 30 40 75 25 55 60 25 30 50 15 35 55 79 25 50 100 90 55 35 35 30 160 220 20 70 Bottom Depth Acidity as CaCO3 (mg/L) 10 <5 <5 15 <5 <5 11 10 <5 <5 10 9 8 <5 NA 13 <5 <5 NA 18 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 19 <1 <5 5 <5 <5 <1 <5 <5 <5 136 NA <5 17 5 19 14 J 15 6 5 9 <1 6 <5 13 <5 <5 <5 17 <1 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 24 5 <5 <1 <1 10 <5 Bicarbonate as HCO3 (mg/L) 46 60 117 48 39 39 93 32 73 60 45 79 188 48 NA 5B 74 136 NA 90 60 6J 136 154 145 170 148 139 107 96 59 160 136 175 77 66 63 33 168 194 <1 NA 62 49 68 43 34 J 32 137 49 83 75 36 71 73 69 93 119 31 61 93 36 46 34 56 46 114 19 144 93 179 157 40 148 Carbonate Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 as CO3 (mg/L) (mg/L) 0 38 3 54 0 96 0 39 2 34 0 32 0 76 0 27 0 59 0 49 0 37 0 65 0 154 0 39 NA NA 0 4B 0 61 0 111 NA NA 0 73 9 65 0 5J 0 111 0 127 0 119 0 139 0 121 0 114 0 87 0 79 0 49 12 152 1 113 0 144 0 63 4 61 0 51 0 27 0 138 6 170 0 <1 NA NA 0 51 0 40 0 56 0 35 0 28 J 0 27 0 113 0 40 0 68 5 71 0 29 0 58 0 59 0 57 0 76 0 97 0 25 4 57 0 76 0 30 0 38 0 28 0 46 0 38 0 94 0 15 0 118 0 76 21 181 1 131 0 33 3 127 Electrical Conductivity (μS/cm) 280 259 363 299 332 258 375 289 222 169 341 220 392 939 NA 1000 196 374 NA 334 507 291 287 419 361 380 410 490 340 367 309 303 340 455 333 315 570 324 404 503 1880 454 404 344 1420 527 808 406 467 427 388 224 819 269 640 336 340 367 351 205 418 293 538 384 490 227 734 485 517 406 379 288 150 307 Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/L) 31 27 6 <4 15 12 7 8 26 4 10 <4 6 450 46 460 <4 <4 <4 7 19 19 <4 7 5 9 15 17 13 14 J 7 <4 7 25 16 11 111 7 <4 9 340 13 34 26 760 12 260 9 <4 15 13 250 9 13 17 18 11 38 12 9 7 86 88 8 19 24 12 10 19 <4 <4 26 4

Sample Borehole

Al (mg/L) 0.08 0.83 0.62 0.41 0.61 0.90 1.48 0.75 0.62 1.15 1.06 0.62 J 1.13 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.19 0.39 0.28 0.40 12.20 2.12 0.57 1.52 1.20 2.08 2.23 1.36 2.90 2.03 2.52 0.72 1.96 0.89 0.59 2.40 0.08 2.44 0.52 3.98 0.42 3.30 0.22 0.50 <0.05 0.12 <0.05 1.13 0.42 J 1.40 0.29 0.49 J <0.05 2.79 0.34 0.53 0.27 0.38 <0.05 0.33 1.62 1.90 <0.05 <0.05 4.03 0.34 0.57 0.58 0.43 3.09 0.29 0.84 0.60 0.81

As (mg/L) 0.001 0.007 0.021 0.082 0.042 0.110 0.026 0.031 0.011 0.018 0.044 0.018 0.003 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.025 0.044 0.019 0.050 0.004 0.002 0.029 0.004 0.027 0.008 0.019 0.010 0.032 0.022 0.018 0.023 0.330 0.005 0.017 0.028 <0.001 0.016 0.017 0.016 <0.001 0.033 0.004 0.005 0.001 0.012 0.001 0.014 0.039 0.012 0.010 0.025 <0.001 0.160 0.022 0.023 0.003 0.032 <0.001 0.006 0.021 0.088 <0.001 <0.001 0.022 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.010 0.001 0.012 0.028 0.001 0.023

Ba (mg/L) 0.11 0.36 0.25 0.16 0.60 1.24 0.38 0.38 0.43 0.13 1.15 0.22 J 0.17 0.32 0.14 0.15 J 0.08 0.15 0.12 0.21 0.42 0.31 J 0.36 0.34 0.14 0.28 0.63 0.22 B 0.35 B 0.43 B 0.15 B 0.19 0.17 B 0.25 B 0.38 0.36 0.31 0.44 B 0.12B 0.48 B 0.28 0.48 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.14 0.14 J 0.19 B 0.18 B 0.37 0.13 0.23 J 0.16 B 0.21 B 0.22 B 0.20 B 0.24 B 0.14 B 0.12 B 0.24 0.20 B 0.27 B 0.28 B 0.10 B 0.20 B 0.24 0.40 B 0.22B 0.21 B 0.43 B 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.19

B (mg/L) 0.4 B 0.2 B 0.2B 0.2 B 0.7 B 0.4B 0.3 B 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 J 0.2 0.2 B <0.1 0.1 B <0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 B 0.4 B 1.5 B 0.3 B 0.3 0.4 B 0.2 B 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 B 0.3B 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 B 0.3 B 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 <0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 B 0.2 B 0.2 0.4B 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4

Cd Ca (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.0002 3.5 <0.0001 4.5 <0.0001 1.3 <0.0001 0.7 0.0001 4.2 <0.0001 2.9 0.0002 1.3 0.0002 1.6 0.0001 6.8 0.0002 0.7 0.0002 2.2 <0.0001 0.5 0.0001 1.3 <0.0001 117.0 <0.0001 12.0 <0.0001 109.0 <0.0001 0.5 0.0002 1.0 0.0001 1.1 0.0002 1.5 0.0001 1.4 0.0002 3.3 0.0003 0.6 0.0001 1.4 0.0001 1.0 0.0002 1.8 0.0002 3.4 <0.0001 4.3 B 0.0002 3.0 B 0.0002 4.1 J B 0.0003 1.0 B <0.0001 1.3 0.0002 1.5 B 0.0002 7.5 0.0003 2.9 0.0002 1.7 <0.0001 23.0 0.0001 1.3 B 0.0001 1.1 0.0001 2.4 0.0008 84.0 0.0002 2.6 <0.0001 5.1 <0.0001 3.6 <0.0001 204.0 0.0001 2.6 <0.0001 61.0 0.0003 1.6 0.0002 1.2 0.0003 3.1 0.0001 2.8 .0008 J 1.0 <0.0001 64.0 <0.0001 1.4 B 0.0002 2.9 <0.0001 3.2 B 0.0001 3.6 B 0.0001 2.7 B <0.0001 7.5 <0.0001 2.5 0.0001 2.4 B <0.0001 1.6 B <0.0001 26.0 <0.0001 17.0 0.0003 1.3 B 0.0001 3.8 0.0001 4.9 0.0002 2.4 0.0002 2.0 <0.0001 4.2 B 0.0001 1.4 0.0001 1.1 <0.0001 4.9 0.0001 0.7

Cl (mg/L) <1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 <1 NA <1 2 1 NA 2 HT 1 <1 1 1 1 2 <3 2 2 2 3 <2 1 2 1 <10 <2 2B 2 2 1 2 1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 2 <2 1 2 1 2B 2B 2B <1 <2 2B 2B 1 1 2B 1 1 2 2 2B <2 <2 1 1

Cr (mg/L) <0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.002 J <0.001 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.002 0.004 <0.001 <0.001

Cu (mg/L) 0.001 0.004 0.027 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.022 0.011 0.002 J 0.004 0.028 0.004 J 0.004 0.003 <0.001 0.002 0.006 0.005 0.007 0.018 0.005 0.004 0.013 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.019 0.008 B 0.014 0.010 B 0.005 B 0.003 0.034 0.010 B 0.014 0.009 0.007 0.009 0.004 0.009 0.011 0.034 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.013 0.018 0.007 0.013 0.007 0.003 B 0.007 B 0.014 0.031 0.009 0.036 0.001 B 0.008 0.017 0.007 0.002 B 0.003 B 0.01 0.004 0.011 0.015 0.008 B 0.011 0.009 0.014 0.003 0.007

F (mg/L) 0.40 0.47 0.39 0.53 0.84 0.79 0.35 0.57 0.48 0.33 0.72 0.28 0.35 0.60 NA 0.20 0.50 0.32 NA 0.96 HT 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.80 0.73 0.70 1.24 J 0.53 0.30 0.55 0.64 0.43 <1 0.40 0.41 B 0.32 0.59 0.16 0.61 0.34 0.29 0.44 0.38 0.50 0.46 0.47 0.40 0.41 0.61 0.27 0.60 0.58 0.45 B 0.47 B 0.30 B 0.36 0.36 0.72 B 0.62 B 0.52 0.39 0.70 B 0.46 0.53 0.50 0.59 0.37 B 0.32 0.41 0.39 0.61

Fe (mg/L) 0.16 0.34 0.38 0.28 0.68 1.49 0.98 0.61 0.54 0.52 J 0.99 0.56 J 0.94 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.13 0.23 0.29 0.63 5.03 1.33 0.49 1.18 0.57 1.91 2.36 1.64 2.61 1.31 1.05 0.36 1.52 1.31 0.41 2.45 0.03 0.97 0.38 1.64 0.11 1.96 0.30 0.72 0.01 0.23 <0.01 0.72 0.22 0.62 0.59 0.29 J 0.03 B 0.88 0.43 0.29 0.16 0.29 0.06 0.16 0.64 0.83 <0.01 0.01 B 1.54 0.38 0.51 0.60 0.87 1.85 0.24 0.51 0.61 0.60

Total Fe (mg/L) 0.76 0.50 0.88 1.24 8.74 5.20 2.28 4.22 1.72 1.34 6.97 1.82 1.70 0.02 B 0.05 JB 0.03 B 0.55 0.61 B 0.64 B 3.38 5.57 20.80 1.53 3.27 0.80 B 5.25 7.59 2.18 6.25 2.14 1.49 0.95 2.38 2.47 1.11 7.92 0.07 0.85 0.30 1.60 0.15 B 3.08 0.42 1.55 0.03 B 0.37 0.02B 1.20 0.20 B 0.84 1.02 2.05 J 0.06 B 0.99 0.73 0.22 0.26 0.43 0.40 0.66 0.71 0.73 0.01 B 0.04 B 1.29 0.87 1.55 2.00 1.23 1.77 0.42 2.14 1.20 1.22

Pb (mg/L) 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.003 <0.001 0.005 0.006 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.005 B 0.003 B 0.001 0.002 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.003 B 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 B 0.003 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 B 0.003B 0.002 B 0.001 0.002 0.006 <0.001 0.002

Mg (mg/L) 5.3 3.8 0.7 <0.5 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 2.2 0.5 1.1 <0.5 0.6 38 3.8 45 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.8 3.7 2.6 <0.5 0.8 0.6 1 1.5 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.25 0.9 1.6 2.2 1.7 13 1 <0.5 0.8 32 1.6 5.1 4.1 60 1.4 27 1.1 <0.5 1.8 1.4 0.25 21 1.4 1.3 2.1 2.2 1.1 4.7 1.4 0.7 0.8 17 11 1.2 2.2 2.9 1.5 1.1 2.1 0.25 0.25 3.4 0.5

Mn (mg/L) 0.08 0.02 <0.005 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.04 <0.005 <0.005 0.07 <0.005 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.15 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 <0.005 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.04 <0.005 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.01 <0.005 0.01 <0.005 0.01 0.06 0.018 J <0.005 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.02 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.01 <0.005 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01 <0.005 0.01

Hg (mg/L) <0.00001 0.00004 0.00008 0.00003 0.00004 0.00006 0.00004 0.00016 <0.00001 0.00006 J 0.00014 0.00002 J 0.00003 J 0.00002 <0.00001 0.00003 0.00004 0.00007 0.00005 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00006 <0.00001 0.00004 <0.00001 0.0002 0.00002 0.00004 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00001 0.00005 0.00004 0.00006 JB 0.00006 B 0.00001 <0.00001 0.00016 0.00002J 0.00002 0.00006 0.00004 B 0.00003 JB 0.00002 B 0.00008 B 0.00003 JB 0.00016 0.00021 0.00006 B 0.00014 B 0.0001 <0.00001UJ 0.00001 0.0004 0.00008 <0.00001 0.00001 0.0001 B 0.00002 0.00004 0.00002 <0.00001 <0.00001 <00001 0.00002 0.00003 B 0.01 0.00044 <0.00001 0.00007 J 0.00006 <0.00001 0.00009 B

Mo (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.07 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.08 <0.05 0.08 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.06 <0.05 0.036 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

Ni (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.07 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01

pH K Se (S.U.) (mg/L) (mg/L) SAR 6.7 5.8 0.005 3.31 8.3 4.9 0.006 3.61 7.4 2.6 0.014 13.5 6.6 1.3 0.003 20.4 8.3 2.2 0.003 7.59 6.9 1.4 0.002 6.48 7 1.9 0.017 13.1 6.3 1.8 0.009 7.68 8.1 4.9 <0.001 3.24 7.1 1.2 0.001 9.14 6.8 2.5 0.014 9.9 7.4 1.2 0.002 19.1 7.6 3.8 0.01 16.7 7.6 3.6 0.002 0.68 NA 0.9 <0.001 0.35 5.6 2.2 0.002 0.85 7.3 1.2 0.014 16 7.5 2.5 0.019 22.6 NA 2 0.011 23.1 1.7 0.016 11.8 6.9 9.5 2 0.002 9.65 6.2 1.8 <0.001 5.5 8 2.1 0.024 24.9 7.7 2.7 0.014 14.2 7.8 2.1 0.009 16.2 7.6 2.7 0.011 12.3 7.7 3.3 0.014 9.77 7.4 3.2 0.009 8.57 8.2 3.2 0.016 7.29 7.7 1.6 0.006 B 7.33 J 6.5 1.5 0.002 8.21 9.3 1.7 0.002 16.2 8.4 2.2 0.02 10.5 7.6 3.5 0.01 6.83 7.6 4.5 0.009 6.36 7.9 1.9 0.005 7.66 8.5 2.6 0.001 2.64 7.2 1.8 0.007 8.18 7.3 2.2 0.007 0.58 9 2.6 0.011 15.7 2.7 4.3 0.001 2.45 NA 3.6 0.016 10.5 7.2 4.8 0.009 4.64 6.6 5.3 0.007 4.7 7.2 5.8 0.003 0.57 6.5 3 0.009 12.2 6.5 4.7 0.007 1.85 6.5 4.6 0.029 10.6 7.4 3.3 0.014 24.9 7.4 3.8 0.013 8.94 7.1 3.9 0.007 8.77 9.1 1.2 0.002 NA 6.6 3.8 0.002 1.19 8.2 1.9 0.002 6.01 7.1 4.6 0.01 15.2 6.8 3.6 0.008 6.29 7.9 4.9 0.008 5.74 7.2 3.7 0.01 8.42 6.8 2.8 0.003 3.46 9.2 2.4 0.002 0.3 7 2 0.012 11.7 6.7 1.4 0.003 7.57 8.5 2 0.004 1.61 8.8 2.2 0.005 2.09 6.6 2.4 0.017 13.1 7.2 3.5 0.004 4.24 8 6 0.005 13.1 6.4 2.8 0.013 11.2 7.3 4.9 0.012 14.1 7.9 1.7 0.003 6.57 9.4 2.6 0.01 20.2 9.8 1.5 0.007 17.1 6.6 2.9 <0.001 1.53 8.8 1.9 0.009 15.2

Na (mg/L) 42 J 43 77 62 67 52 77 49 38 41 72 49 92 33 5.4 42 41 82 88 72 96 55 70 85 83 83 86 82 61 62 50 67 66 79 59 59 64 51 95 110 104 87 62 55 36 98 69 71 99 80 72 47 43 42 124 59 56 65 49 34 80 47 43 45 86 42 148 90 100 66 87 65 18 68

TDS (mg/L) 171 169 270 271 705 417 353 441 188 154 553 182 277 705 94 756 259 267 270 397 568 768 258 366 272 403 578 375 356 353 279 209HT 276 301 268 638 355HT 249 277 368 794 381 247 228 1150 356 557 296 327 308 290 NA 551 317 475 214 227 236 260 158HT 277 285 306 265 312 170 534 439 408 267 259HT 232HT 120 264

TSS (mg/L) <4 <4 <4 <4 <13 8 <10 16 HT 6 HT <5* <15* <4* <4* <4 <4 <4 <4 <4* <4* 6 HT <4* 7 HT <4* <4* <4* <4* 25 HT <4 <4 <4 6 <4HT 4 32 <4 <12 <4HT <4 <4 8 <4 <10 <4 <4 6 <4 <4 <4 <4 <6 <4 NA <4 10 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4HT <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 4 <4HT <4HT <4 <5

U (mg/L) <0.001 0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.003 0.006 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.002 J 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.013 0.002 0.011 0.001 0.005 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.003 0.006 0.001 0.002 0.002

V (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 0.07 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.26 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 <0.01 0.06 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.11 <0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 <0.01 0.09 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.05 0.11 0.01 0.02 0.03 <0.01 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.15 <0.01 0.01 0.13 0.06 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.03 0.06 <0.01 0.04

Zn (mg/L) 0.10 B 0.02 B 0.08 B 0.06 B 0.32 0.10 B 0.15 B 0.19 0.03 0.09 0.33 0.13 J 0.05 0.05 B 0.07 0.09 JB 0.02 B 0.05 0.1 0.18 0.08 0.29 J 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.12 0.19 0.19 B 0.19 B 0.43 J B 0.11 B 0.06 B 0.10 B 0.12 B 0.24 0.62 0.04 B 0.25 B 0.12 B 0.29 B 0.34 0.14 B 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.07 B 0.08 B 0.08 0.05 0.03 B 0.17 B 0.15 B 0.22 B 0.15 B 0.07 B 0.12 B 0.05 B 0.09 B 0.11 B 0.16 B 0.02 B 0.07 B 0.09 B 0.11B 0.03B 0.22B 0.12 B 0.07 B 0.08 B 0.05 B 0.12 0.05

Revision 0
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Golder Associates

SHSH-1001/063-2212A

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TABLE 2.3-13 SUITE TWO RESULTS: SYNTHETIC PRECIPITATION LEACHING PROCEDURE Top Depth (ft bgs) SHOB-23R 5 10 SHOB-23R 60 65 SHOB-24R 10 15 SHOB-24R 40 45 SHOB-24R 80 85 SHOB-25C 26 31 SHOB-26R 10 15 SHOB-26R 40 45 SHOB-27R 40 45 (BD for SHOB-28R, 10-15)¹ BD-RT-26 SHOB-28R 40 45 SHOB-29R 25 30 SHOB-30C 45 50 SHOB-30C 95 100 SHOB-30C 110 115 SHOB-30C 165 170 SHOB-31R 30 35 SHOB-31R 90 95 SHOB-31R 145 150 SHOB-32R 15 20 SHOB-32R 110 115 SHOB-33R 15 20 SHOB-33R 35 40 SHOB-34R 30 35 SHOB-34R 45 50 SHOB-34R 185 190 SHOB-35R 35 40 SHOB-36R 15 20 SHOB-36R 40 45 SHOB-37R 55 60 15 20 SHOB-38R SHOB-38R 40 45 SHOB-40R 10 15 SHOB-41R 40 45 SHOB-41R 85 90 SHOB-41R 90 95 SHOB-41R 95 100 SHOB-41R 140 145 SHOB-41R 175 180 SHOB-43R 45 50 SHOB-44R 25 30 SHOB-44R 75 80 SHOB-44R 110 115 SHOB-45R 25 30 SHOB-46R 95 100 SHOB-47R 70 75 SHOB-47R 95 100 SHOB-47R 165 170 U.S. EPA Primary MCLs U.S. EPA Secondary MCLs ND Aquatic Life Acute (Classes I, IA, II, III) ND Aquatic Life Chronic (Classes I, IA, II, III) ND Human Health (Classes I, IA, II) ND Human Health (Class III)) Bottom Depth Acidity as CaCO3 (mg/L) 10 12 13 <5 <1 9 6 14 13 <1 9 9J <5 <5 <1 <1 <5 8 13 15 6 5 <5 29 <5 <5 <5 28 9 6 15 26 24 <5 <1 <5 <5 11 <1 <5 <5 J <5 <5 9 <5 <5 <5 <5 ------Bicarbonate as HCO3 (mg/L) 6 96 43 80 113 29 J 24 16 49 60 13 57 J 45 137 181 170 93 83 43 42 113 70 65 5 86 182 116 15 14 74 2B 2B 2 36 67 83 136 48 154 69 53 J 188 139 20 119 101 119 160 ------Carbonate Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 Al as CO3 (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0 5 <0.05 0 78 0.30 0 35 <0.05 6 76 0.41 J <1 92 0.29 J 0 23 J <0.05 0 20 <0.05 0 13 <0.05 0 40 0.23 0 49 <0.05 0 11 <0.05 0 47 J 0.14 J 0 37 2.08 0 113 1.34 7 160 0.33 4 146 0.17 0 76 1.11 0 68 0.44 0 35 0.88 34 <0.05 0 0 92 0.35 <1 57 0.47 0 53 2.65 0 4 0.75 0 71 0.95 6 159 0.47 0 95 0.48 0 12 0.06 0 11 0.10 0 61 0.37 0 2B 0.07 0 1B 0.37 0 1 0.34 0 30 1.74 J 16 82 0.56 0 68 0.76 3 116 0.15 0 39 3.14 J 10 143 0.46 0 57 1.12 2J 47 J 0.12 J 1 155 1.08 0 114 0.63 B 0 16 0.17 0 97 1.10 7 94 2.18 0 97 3.42 5 139 2.49 -----0.05-0.2 ------------Electrical Conductivity F (μS/cm) (mg/L) 1120 0.57 363 0.45 660 0.29 228 HT 0.31 250 1.49 178 0.30 197 0.21 224 0.18 414 0.41 384 0.26 274 0.21 155 J 0.24 214 0.52 389 0.34 392 0.28 328 0.24 298 0.21 217 0.23 272 0.42 691 0.46 391 0.67 636 0.36 400 0.70 327 0.43 297 0.50 344 0.33 306 0.52 1300 0.75 133 0.19 356 0.45 1070 0.35 1900 0.11 237 0.38 0.68 J B 384 248 0.26 333 0.22 275 0.18 220 0.32 384 0.25 523 0.62 193 J 0.27 424 0.64 495 0.34 250 0.34 462 0.73 400 0.56 B 412 0.66 B 454 0.73 B -4 -2 --------Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/L) 510 5 125 11 5 46 71 61 15 109 86 26 J 40 <4 7 7 5 7 4 100 4 32 14 11 11 <4 6 480 34 4 200 760 29 11 6 4 8 5 10 13 37 13 14 23 13 12 12 17 -------

Sample Borehole

As (mg/L) <0.001 0.025 <0.001 0.013 0.011 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.008 0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.058 0.010 0.078 0.026 0.021 0.015 0.043 0.001 0.097 <0.001 0.002 0.007 0.012 0.009 0.030 0.003 0.001 0.022 <0.001 0.002 0.001 0.014 0.034 0.008 0.011 0.014 0.027 0.014 0.001 0.010 0.008 <0.001 0.022 0.012 0.023 0.015 0.01 -0.340 0.150 0.010 --

Ba B Cd Ca (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.11 0.2 B <0.0001 118.0 0.15 0.2 0.0001 1.1 0.18 0.3 <0.0001 27.0 0.16 0.2 0.0001 2.4 0.28 J 0.7 <0.0001 1.2 0.13 J B 0.1 <0.0001 9.9 0.19 B 0.1 <0.0001 12.0 0.25B 0.1 <0.0001 15.0 0.21 B 0.3 <0.0001 3.4 0.26 0.2 <0.0001 24.0 0.16 B 0.2 <0.0001 22.0 0.32 J 0.2 0.0001 5.2 0.32B 0.5 0.0001 2.0 0.34 B 0.3 <0.0001 1.0 0.21 0.2 0.0001 1.9 0.16 0.1 <0.0001 2.0 0.45 0.3B 0.0001 1.0 0.12 0.1B <0.0001 1.9 0.28 B 0.2 0.0002 0.9 0.15 B 0.2 <0.0001 22.0 0.23 B 0.3 <0.0001 0.9 B 0.21 <0.1 <0.0001 5.9 0.55 0.3 0.0001 2.3 0.25 B 0.2 <0.0001 2.2 0.29 B 0.2 0.0001 2.4 0.51 B <0.1 <0.0001 1.2 0.28 B 0.2 <0.0001 1.4 0.14 J B 0.5 <0.0001 119.0 0.45 J B <0.1 <0.0001 8.0 0.18 B 0.2 <0.0001 0.8 0.10 B 0.1 <0.0001 41.0 0.27 B 0.9 0.0001 193.0 0.22 B 0.2 <0.0001 3.8 0.23 J B 0.8 0.0001 2.6 B 0.02 0.2 <0.0001 1.1 0.20 B 0.3 <0.0001 1.8 0.39B <0.1 <0.0001 2.1 0.15B 0.2 <0.0001 0.7 0.13 0.3 <0.0001 2.5 0.83 0.3 0.0001 2.6 0.31 0.1 B <0.0001 7.6 0.24 B 0.3 B <0.0001 3.3B 0.20 B 0.4 B <0.0001 4.0 B 0.21 B 0.5 <0.0001 3.9 0.39 0.3 0.0003 3.1 0.33 B 0.3 <0.0001 2.7 B 0.23 B 0.3 <0.0001 3.2 B 0.27 B 0.4 0.0001 4.4 B 2 -0.005 -------0.0021 ---0.00027 ---0.00500 ------

Cl (mg/L) <1 2 <1 1 <2 <1 <1 <1 2 <2 <1 <1 1 1 <2 <2 <1 1 1 <1 1 <2 3 1 2 2 1 2 <1 1 1 <1 1 2B <2 1 1 2 <2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2B 2B 2B -250 -----

Cr (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.002 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.003 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.1 -0.016 0.011 0.1 --

Cu (mg/L) 0.004 0.013 0.004 0.008 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.005 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.007 0.013 0.044 0.006 0.01 0.005 0.009 B 0.003 0.006 0.01 0.015 0.01 0.008 0.004 0.009 0.01 0.002 B 0.009 B 0.003 0.003 0.004 B 0.009 J 0.013 0.008 0.004 0.016 0.016 0.019 0.002 B 0.008 B 0.009 B 0.008 0.012 0.006 0.008 0.009 1.3 1 0.014 0.0093 1 --

Fe (mg/L) <0.01 0.29 <0.01 0.30J 0.19 J 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.51 0.02 <0.01 0.20 J 8.23 0.81 0.32 0.21 0.85 0.27 0.54 <0.01 0.26 0.29 1.82 0.63 1.03 0.44 1.10 0.22 0.66 0.35 0.02 0.17 0.40 0.62 0.92 0.88 0.07 1.17 0.41 1.00 0.20 0.78 0.34 0.21 1.00 0.74 1.15 2.59 -0.3 -----

Total Fe (mg/L) <0.01 0.52 0.05 B 0.70 0.47 J 0.26 0.20 0.07 1.01 0.10 0.02 1.06 5.40 0.60 1.40 0.62 3.04 0.41 1.09 <0.01 1.05 0.37 5.84 1.10 2.50 0.46 1.40 0.48 J 0.97 J 0.55 <0.01 0.20 1.48 0.79 J 4.53 0.63 0.04 1.30 0.49 4.44 0.12 J 0.86 0.30 2.88 1.48 0.58 0.79 5.17 -------

Pb Mg Mn (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) <0.001 51 0.01 0.001 0.6 0.01 <0.001 14 <0.005 0.004 1.2 0.01 0.004 0.6 <0.005 <0.001 5.1 <0.005 <0.001 10 <0.005 <0.001 5.7 <0.005 0.001 1.7 0.04 <0.001 12 <0.005 <0.001 7.5 <0.005 0.001 3.2 0.01 0.004 8.4 0.03 0.002 <0.5 0.02 0.004 0.5 <0.005 0.002 0.6 0.01 0.002 0.7 0.01 0.002 0.6 0.01 0.002 B 0.5 <0.005 <0.001 11 0.05 0.002 0.5 0.01 0.002 4.2 <0.005 0.002 2.1 0.04 0.001 1.3 0.02 0.002 1.3 0.01 <0.001 <0.5 0.01 0.002 0.7 0.02 0.003 B 45 0.01 <0.001 J 3.4 <0.005 0.001 B 0.5 0.01 <0.001 24 <0.005 <0.001 68 1.16 0.001 B 4.8 0.01 0.001 1.2 0.01 0.006 0.8 0.02 0.001 <0.5 0.01 <0.001 0.7 <0.005 0.002 0.8 0.01 0.003 0.8 0.01 0.004 1.7 0.05 <0.001 4.3 <0.005 <0.001 1.1 0.05 <0.001 1 0.01 <0.001 3.1 0.01 0.002 1.3 0.07 <0.001 1.2 0.02 0.001 1 0.01 0.002 1.5 0.07 0.015 ----0.05 0.082 --0.0032 --0.015 ------

Hg (mg/L) 0.00002 0.00007 B <0.00001 0.00006 B 0.00003 J <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00003 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00002 <0.00001 0.00006 0.00004 J 0.00006 0.00004 0.00010 B <0.00001 0.00001 <0.00001 0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00004JB 0.00005JB 0.0004 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00001B <0.00001 0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00002J 0.00004 0.0003 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.00005 0.00002 <0.00001 <0.00001 0.002 -0.0017 0.000012 0.00005 0.000051

Mo (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.07 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 -------

Ni (mg/L) 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 --0.47 0.052 0.1 4.2

pH K Se (S.U.) (mg/L) (mg/L) 6.1 2.8 0.003 7.1 2.3 0.011 6.6 3.8 0.002 9.1 3.7 0.014 8.6 1.9 0.003 6.6 1.9 <0.001 6.2 1.2 <0.001 6.2 2.2 <0.001 6.6 3.9 0.008 8.7 3.1 0.002 6.2 2.2 <0.001 7.6 J 3 0.008 7.8 4.1 0.004 8.4 2.2 0.006 9.2 2.1 0.011 9 2.5 0.007 7.9 1.6 0.009 7.2 1.8 0.002 6.8 1.5 0.012 6.6 6.7 0.004 7.1 1.9 0.003 8.3 3.8 0.007 7 1.8 <0.001 5.4 2.8 0.008 7 2.3 0.003 9 2 0.009 7.5 2.5 0.008 5.5 2.8 0.003 7.1 1 <0.001 7.6 2.8 0.007 5.3 7 0.007 5.2 3.1 <0.001 5.4 3.1 0.001 7 2.2 0.006 9.6 1.3 0.004 7.1 2.3 0.006 9.2 2.2 0.003 6.9 1.7 0.001 9.2 2.4 0.009 7.6 2.8 0.005 8.8 J 2.4 <0.001 8.4 3 0.01 7.1 3.3 0.009 6.5 2.3 0.002 8.1 4.1 0.014 9.3 2.2 0.004 7.4 2 0.005 8.9 2.6 0.009 --0.05 6.5-8.5 ----0.02 --0.005 --0.05 ----

SAR 1.16 15.2 2.92 7.11 9.68 0.84 0.1 0.67 7.08 1.29 0.42 1.19 2.97 23.4 14.4 11.5 11.6 7.45 10.7 3 15.5 8.61 7.8 7.27 7.49 20.4 11.2 1.92 0.75 16.2 4.05 2.16 2.25 8.11 8.5 14.8 9.01 8.53 11.6 10.3 1.51 10.2 10.1 3.12 9.62 9.04 10.2 9.77 -------

Na (mg/L) 60 80 75 54 52 13 2 12 64 31 9 14 43 85 86 72 62 46 51 69 74 112 68 55 58 81 65 97 10 75 132 137 28 63 48 72 59 44 82 87 21 84 87 34 80 71 82 93 -------

TDS (mg/L) 840 248 424 153 151HT 131 112 143 253 211HT 143 76 J 493 267 259HT 218HT 359 164 226 412 274 420HT 603 286 318 218 297 1200 94 272 710 1650 198 260 244HT 248 165 206 268HT 458 112 J 256 293 185 308 207 223 341 -500 -----

TSS (mg/L) <4 <4 <9 <5 <4HT <4 <4 UJ <4 UJ <6 <5HT <4 <4 <4 <4 10HT <4HT <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 UJ <4HT 45 HT <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 UJ <4 <4 29HT <4 <4 <4 <4HT 4J <4 <4 5 <4 12 HT <4 <4 7 -------

U (mg/L) <0.001 0.003 0.005 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.002 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.005 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.003 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 <0.001 0.005 0.001 <0.001 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.03 ------

V (mg/L) <0.01 0.07 <0.01 0.05 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.08 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.07 0.06 <0.01 0.07 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.04 <0.01 0.08 <0.01 <0.01 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.02 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.02 -------

Zn (mg/L) 0.08 B 0.05 0.15 0.03 0.11 B J 0.07 B 0.09 0.1 0.12 0.13 B 0.14 0.03 J 0.26 B 0.06 B 0.06 B 0.04 B 0.10 B 0.05 B 0.11 B 0.09 0.15 0.08 B 0.18 0.12 B 0.10 B 0.02 B 0.12 B 0.12 B 0.03 J B 0.09 B 0.09 0.1 0.12 B 0.12 J B 0.05 B 0.14 B 0.02 B 0.09 B 0.06 B 0.28 0.03 J B 0.19 B 0.18 B 0.12 0.22 0.16 B 0.11B 0.10 B -5 0.12 0.12 7.4 26

Notes: -All metals dissolved except total Fe -J=Value is an estimated quantity. -UJ=Analyte not detected above reported sample quantitation limit. -B=Analyte detected in blank. The results have not been corrected for the blank concentration. -HT=Analysis performed after holding time passed. - ft bgs = feet below ground surface - mg/L = Milligrams per liter - Analyses performed by Northern Analytical Laboratories Inc. of Billings, MT - When sample top depth = sample bottom depth, sample was a discrete sample rather than composite - Duplicates not shown in data set ¹ Associated duplicate had an insignificant amount of sample and was not analyzed - Results in bold were performed on samples from boreholes within the mine pit boundary - ND standards from NDAC Chapter 33-16-02.1 and assume a hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3

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TABLE 2.3-14 SUITE TWO RESULTS: COMPARISON OF GROUND WATER LEACHING PROCEDURE TO SPLP

Sample Borehole SHMW-05 SHOB-12R SHOB-15C SHOB-26R SHOB-28R SHOB-30C SHOB-35R SHOB-37R SHOB-45R

Top Depth (ft bgs) 146 45 75 10 40 45 35 55 25

Bottom Depth 151 50 79 15 45 50 40 60 30

GWLP Method 200.8 Method 3114C (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.008 0.008 0.012 0.011 0.028 0.031 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.004 0.023 0.021 0.010 0.011 0.008 0.007 <0.003 <0.003

SPLP Method 200.8 (mg/L) 0.018 0.032 0.088 <0.001 <0.001 0.058 0.03 0.022 <0.001

Notes: - ft bgs = feet below ground surface - mg/L = Milligrams per liter - Analyses performed by Northern Analytical Laboratories Inc. of Billings, MT - Results in bold were performed on samples from boreholes within the mine pit boundary - SPLP results for arsenic provided for comparison, for complete SPLP results see Table 2.3-13

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TABLE 2.3-15 AVAILABLE 2002 BOREHOLES WITH LITHOLOGIC LOGS Boreholes SH02-01 SH02-11a / South Well 11a SH02-01c SH02-11b / North Well 11B SH02-02a / West Well 2A SH02-11c SH02-02b/ East Well 2C SH02-013 SH02-02c / Center Well 2B SH02-13c SH02-03 SH02-14 SH02-03c SH02-14c SH02-04 SH02-15 SH02-04c SH02-16 SH02-05 SH02-16b SH02-05c SH02-17 SH02-06 SH02-17b SH02-07 SH02-18a SH02-07c SH02-22 SH02-08 -- Reference = Kiewitt 2002

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TABLE 2.3-16 DEPTH OF SUBSURFACE WATER ENCOUNTERED IN PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, 2009, 2010, AND SHALLOW OVERBURDEN BOREHOLES Borehole SHMW-04D SHMW-05 SHMW-06 SHMW-10D2 SHMW-12D SHOB-01R SHOB-02R SHOB-03R SHOB-04R SHOB-05R SHOB-06BR SHOB-07R SHOB-08R SHOB-09R SHOB-10R SHOB-11R SHOB-12R SHOB-13R SHOB-14R SHOB-15C SHOB-16R SHOB-17R SHOB-18R SHOB-19R SHOB-20R SHOB-21R SHOB-22R SHOB-23R SHOB-24R SHOB-25C SHOB-26R SHOB-27R SHOB-28R SHOB-29R SHOB-30C SHOB-31R SHOB-32R SHOB-33R SHOB-34R Drilling Program Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II
Golder Associates

Depth of Subsurface Water (ft bgs) 48.8 82 46.62 12.3 24.5 Water added 15'

Water added 5' Water added 105' Water added 75' 70 Water added 15' Water added 25' 80 Water added 50' Water added 80'

20

70 60 55 Water added 75'

Water added 55' SHSH-1001/063-2212A

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TABLE 2.3-16 DEPTH OF SUBSURFACE WATER ENCOUNTERED IN PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, 2009, 2010, AND SHALLOW OVERBURDEN BOREHOLES Borehole SHOB-35R SHOB-36R SHOB-37R SHOB-38R SHOB-39R SHOB-40R SHOB-41R SHOB-42R SHOB-43R SHOB-44R SHOB-45R SHOB-46R SHOB-47R SHOB-48R SHOB-101R SHOB-102R SHOB-103R SHOB-104R SHOB-105R SHOB-106R SHOB-107R SHOB-108R SHOB-109R SHOB-110R SHOB-111R SHOB-112R SHOB-113R SHOB-114R SHOB-115R SHOB-116R SHOB-117R SHOB-118R SHOB-119R SHOB-120R SHOB-121R SHOB-122R SHOB-123R SHOB-124R SHOB-125R Revision 1 Drilling Program Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III
Golder Associates

Depth of Subsurface Water (ft bgs) Water added 45'

60 60 Water added 80' Water added 10' Water added 30' Water added 40' 50 Water added 60' 40 25 Water added 20' Water added 15' Water added 20' Water added 25' Water added 12.5' Water added 20' Water added 20' Water added 6.5' Water added 20' Water added 7.5' Water added 10' Water added 15' Water added 17.5' Water added 12' Water added 7' Water added 15' Water added 20' Water added 7.5' Water added 9' Water added 72' Water added 21' Water added 20' Water added 20' Water added 17.5' Water added 12.5' SHSH-1001/063-2212A

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TABLE 2.3-16 DEPTH OF SUBSURFACE WATER ENCOUNTERED IN PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, 2009, 2010, AND SHALLOW OVERBURDEN BOREHOLES Borehole SHOB-126R SHOB-127R SHOB-128R SHOB-129R SHOB-130R SHOB-131R SHOB-132R SHOB-133R SHOB-134R SHOB-135R SHOB-136R SHOB-137R SHOB-138R SHOB-139R SHOB-140R SHOB-141R SHOB-142R SHOB-143R SHOB-144R SHMW-03HTB SHMW-08HTB SHOB-201R SHOB-202R SOSH-01 SOSH-02 SOSH-03 SOSH-04 SOSH-05 SOSH-06 SOSH-07 SOSH-08 SOSH-09 SOSH-10 SOSH-11 SOSH-12 SOSH-13 SOSH-14 SOSH-15 SOSH-16 Revision 1 Drilling Program Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III Phase III 2009 2009 2010 2010 Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden
Golder Associates

Depth of Subsurface Water (ft bgs) Water added 86' Water added 17.5' Water added 20' Water added 20' Water added 20' Water added 30' Water added 35' Water added 12.5' Water added 17' Water added 15' Water added 20' Water added 10' Water added 10' Water added 0' Water added 17' Water added 20' Water added 17' Water added 35' Water added 20' Water added 2' Water added 2' Water added 27' Water added 15'

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TABLE 2.3-16 DEPTH OF SUBSURFACE WATER ENCOUNTERED IN PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE III, 2009, 2010, AND SHALLOW OVERBURDEN BOREHOLES Borehole SOSH-17 SOSH-18 SOSH-19 SOSH-20 SOSH-21 SOSH-22 SOSH-23 SOSH-24 SOSH-25 SOSH-26 SOSH-27 SOSH-28 SOSH-29 SOSH-30 SOSH-31 SOSH-32 SOSH-33 SOSH-34 SOSH-35 SOSH-36 SOSH-37A SOSH-37B SOSH-38 SOSH-40 SOSH-41 SOSH-43 SOSH-45 SOSH-46 SOSH-47 SOSH-49 SOSH-50 SOSH-51 SOSH-52 SOSH-53 Drilling Program Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Shallow Overburden Depth of Subsurface Water (ft bgs)

Notes: - "ft bgs" = feet below ground surface - Location of subsurface water is considered approximate. Determination of the exact depth of water was sometimes difficult given the drilling method and the occasional addition of drilling fluids (as noted on drilling logs).

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TABLE 2.3-17 2002 BOREHOLES WITH GEOPHYSICAL LOGS Well or Piezometer SH-1P SH02-02A-PZ SH-3P SH-4P SH-5P SH-6P SH-7P SH02-11A-PZ SH-13P SH02-14P SH-17P SH02-18A-P SH-22P SH-23P
- Reference = Kiewitt 2002

Corresponding Borehole SH02-01 SH02-02 SH02-03 SH02-04 SH02-05 SH02-06 SH02-07 SH02-11 SH02-13 SH02-14 SH02-17 SH02-18 SH02-22 SH02-23

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TABLE 2.3-18 AVAILABLE BOREHOLES WITH COAL QUALITY DATA PRESENTED IN THE MAPS Pre-2006 Boreholes 2006 Boreholes 2007 Boreholes 2009 Boreholes SH02-01C SH02-02C SH02-03C SH02-04C SH02-05C SH02-07C SH02-09C SH02-10C SH02-11C SH02-12C SH02-13C SH02-14C SH02-17C SH02-21C SHOB-02C SHOB-10C SHOB-12C SHOB-15C SHOB-21C SHOB-25C SHOB-30C SHOB-34C SHOB-41C SHOB-44C SHOB-47C SHMW-05D SHMW-06D SHMW-10D SHMW-10 OB SHMW-12D SH-07-01 SHOB-101C SHOB-103C SHOB-104C SHOB-106C SHOB-107C SHOB-108C SHOB-114C SHOB-116C SHOB-121C SHOB-122C SHOB-125C SHOB-130C SHOB-132C SHOB-135C SHOB-137C SHOB-141C SHMW-03HTB SHMW-08HTB

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TABLE 2.3-19 SUMMARY OF PRE-2006 COAL QUALITY LAB DATA Hole Number SH02-01C SH02-02C SH02-03C SH02-04C SH02-05C SH02-07C SH02-09C SH02-10C SH02-11C SH02-12C SH02-13C SH02-14C SH02-17C SH02-21C Depth (ft bgs) From To Moisture (%) 36.6 53.8 42.85 139.7 157.1 42.60 116.4 134.0 42.45 140.5 157.5 44.39 87.8 104.9 43.16 47.1 59.6 43.92 48.6 66.8 42.35 69.8 86.9 42.57 47.4 69.6 42.62 48.5 67.5 41.21 133.0 150.8 43.09 99.5 118.4 44.08 49.9 68.0 42.37 32.0 47.7 43.58 Proximate - As Received Ash (%) V.M. (%) F.C. (%) 9.44 22.55 25.16 9.19 22.16 26.05 8.86 23.12 25.57 8.04 21.44 26.13 7.46 22.56 26.82 11.38 22.38 22.32 7.35 23.54 26.76 8.48 23.14 25.81 10.62 22.97 23.79 9.83 23.45 25.51 7.42 23.37 26.12 7.35 22.32 26.25 8.58 23.45 25.60 7.78 22.62 26.02

BTU/lb 6,001 5,978 6,080 5,983 6,107 5,243 6,246 6,113 5,742 6,079 6,005 6,007 6,068 5,994

Sulfur (%) 1.34 0.91 1.22 0.67 0.56 1.12 0.48 1.29 0.68 1.97 0.47 0.60 0.54 0.60

Notes: - Coordinate System is State Plane, Zone = North Dakota South FIPS 3302, Datum NAD 72, Units = Feet - % = percent - ft bgs = feet below ground surface - V.M. = Volatile Matter - F.C. = Fixed Carbon - BTU/lb = British Thermal Unit per pound - Coal quality lab data from D Coal seam - Proximate Analyses (full seam composites)

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SHSH-1001/063-2212A

TABLE 2.3-20 SUMMARY OF COAL QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR ALL SOUTH HEART CORED HOLES Specific Gravity 1.26 1.24 1.24 1.22 1.22 1.27 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.26 1.23 1.22 1.24 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.24 1.27 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.27 1.27 1.25 1.26 1.24 1.19 1.23 1.24 1.26 1.21 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.23 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.19 1.28 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.14 1.21 1.23 1.22 1.14 1.25 1.21 1.22 1.25 1.29 1.22 1.29 1.27 1.27 1.25 1.28 1.25 1.28 1.27 1.27 Coal Quality - As Received Sulfur Forms Sulfur Btu CaO Na2O (%) (Btu/lb) (%) (%) Organic Pyritic Sulfate 1.34 6,001 7.94 NA 0.51 0.73 0.10 0.91 5,978 NA NA NA NA NA 1.22 6,080 NA 12.54 NA NA NA 0.67 5,983 8.63 NA 0.35 0.29 0.03 0.56 6,107 NA NA NA NA NA 1.12 5,243 NA 14.56 NA NA NA 0.48 6,246 6.24 NA 0.33 0.11 0.04 1.29 6,113 NA 10.37 NA NA NA 0.68 5,742 4.45 11.40 0.41 0.24 0.03 1.97 6,079 2.60 15.62 0.62 1.27 0.08 0.47 6,005 5.60 NA 0.31 0.10 0.06 0.60 6,007 NA 12.02 NA NA NA 0.54 6,068 5.00 12.75 0.33 0.18 0.03 0.60 5,994 3.67 NA 0.32 0.24 0.04 0.60 6,025 2.08 14.86 0.39 0.14 0.07 0.74 5,852 2.67 9.93 0.47 0.24 0.03 0.64 6,183 8.14 13.94 0.39 0.19 0.06 1.24 6,133 2.89 11.45 0.66 0.54 0.04 0.99 6,194 7.09 13.23 0.51 0.45 0.03 1.14 5,650 2.74 15.73 0.46 0.24 0.44 0.86 5,904 3.39 9.90 0.44 0.39 0.03 0.86 6,149 2.23 13.58 0.43 0.39 0.04 1.84 6,140 1.20 1.45 0.80 0.99 0.05 0.73 6,062 4.07 13.77 0.26 0.43 0.04 1.06 5,963 3.04 10.82 0.43 0.59 0.04 0.65 6,241 3.06 15.6 0.38 0.24 0.03 1.16 6,208 7.22 11.26 0.79 0.34 0.03 1.12 6,192 3.73 12.63 0.52 0.47 0.13 0.64 6,080 2.66 12.04 0.41 0.2 0.03 1.52 6,163 4.52 12.78 0.84 0.64 0.04 0.98 5,980 8.46 12.7 0.53 0.42 0.03 0.54 6,035 5.59 14.45 0.25 0.19 0.1 0.93 5,954 7.63 11.88 0.4 0.47 0.06 0.86 6,152 7.15 12.35 0.41 0.41 0.04 0.72 6,091 4.67 12.68 0.47 0.2 0.05 0.73 6,064 8.24 13.71 0.48 0.19 0.06 1.21 6,035 8.18 13.01 0.55 0.59 0.07 0.82 6,082 8.26 14.75 0.4 0.33 0.09 0.54 5,688 2.9 18.46 0.31 0.06 0.17 1.74 6,120 1.6 13 0.72 0.92 0.1 0.88 6,100 1.02 19.13 0.42 0.42 0.04 0.65 5,987 1.41 18.2 0.33 0.21 0.11 0.89 6,118 5.02 12.65 0.29 0.51 0.09 1.03 6,044 1.11 18.42 0.52 0.4 0.11 0.47 5,243 1.02 1.45 0.25 0.06 0.03 1.97 6,246 8.63 19.13 0.84 1.27 0.44 0.93 6,028 4.63 13.18 0.46 0.39 0.07 0.86 6,066 4.26 12.78 0.43 0.37 0.05 1.37 1.07 1.16 0.97 0.77 0.77 1.37 1.07 1.07 2.01 1.43 1.07 2.01 1.72 1.72 2.30 2.23 1.72 2.30 2.27 2.27 6,129 6,262 6,334 6,574 6,383 6,129 6,574 6,336 6,334 5,908 4,196 5,908 5,908 5,052 5,052 5,999 5,971 5,052 5,999 5,985 5,985 6.25 10.49 9.79 8.92 9.53 6.25 10.49 9.00 9.53 6.36 4.38 6.36 6.36 5.37 5.37 1.59 3.40 1.59 3.40 2.50 2.50 8.06 13.10 11.48 13.89 13.34 8.06 13.89 11.97 13.10 12.23 16.29 12.23 16.29 14.26 14.26 11.78 7.59 11.78 11.78 9.69 9.69 0.63 0.64 0.58 0.56 0.40 0.40 0.64 0.56 0.58 0.81 0.46 0.58 0.81 0.64 0.64 0.83 1.01 0.64 1.01 0.92 0.92 0.70 0.39 0.54 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.70 0.47 0.39 1.12 0.06 0.39 1.12 0.59 0.59 1.31 1.03 0.59 1.31 1.17 1.17 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.91 0.04 0.91 0.50 0.50 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.18

Hole Number SH02-01C SH02-02C SH02-03C SH02-04C SH02-05C SH02-07C SH02-09C SH02-10C SH02-11C SH02-12C SH02-13C SH02-14C SH02-17C SH02-21C SHOB-2C SHOB-10C SHOB-12C SHOB-15C SHOB-21C SHOB-25C SHOB-30C SHOB-34C SHOB-41C SHOB-44C SHOB-47C SHMW-10-OB SHMW-05D SHMW-06D SHMW-10D SHMW-03HTB SHMW-08HTB SH-07-01 SHOB-101C SHOB-103C SHOB-104C SHOB-106C SHOB-107C SHOB-108C SHOB-114C SHOB-116C SHOB-121C SHOB-122C SHOB-125C SHOB-130C MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN SHOB-2C SHMW-03HTB SHMW-08HTB SHOB-21C SHOB-47C MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN SHOB-15C SHOB-104C MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN SHOB-101C SHOB-103C MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN

From 36.6 139.7 116.4 140.5 87.8 47.1 48.6 69.8 47.4 48.5 133.0 99.5 49.9 32.0 28.6 63.7 80.4 86.0 54.5 60.5 53.7 56.0 46.3 47.5 40.9 39 153 55 38 62.3 114 42.25 75 76 82.5 73.9 86 66 49.5 40.2 51 23 103.4 25.4

To 53.8 157.1 134.0 157.5 104.9 59.6 66.8 86.9 69.6 67.5 150.8 118.4 68.0 47.7 44.8 80.9 100.4 102.7 74.3 74.0 73.9 74.6 62.5 63.3 55.3 56 174 68 54.5 76 131.5 56.2 91.5 92.5 100.2 91.9 107 85 62.3 51.5 67.4 43.7 122.3 41

Thick 17.2 17.4 17.6 17.0 17.1 12.5 18.2 17.1 22.2 19.0 17.8 18.9 18.1 15.7 16.2 17.2 20.0 16.7 19.8 13.5 20.2 18.6 16.2 15.8 14.4 17.0 21.0 13.0 16.5 13.7 17.5 14.0 16.5 16.5 17.7 18.0 21.0 19.0 12.8 11.3 16.4 20.7 18.9 15.6 11.3 22.2 17.1 17.2 12.4 15.6 10.5 12.7 13.2 10.5 15.6 12.9 12.7 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

SEAM D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

D SEAM SUMMARY 184.8 198.0 286.1 217.3 185.4 197.2 213.6 296.6 230.0 198.6

Moist (%) 42.85 42.60 42.45 44.39 43.16 43.92 42.35 42.57 42.62 41.21 43.09 44.08 42.37 43.58 43.31 40.56 42.14 41.46 41.82 43.17 41.58 41.29 41.74 43.19 42.37 42.41 40.84 40.48 41.14 41.3 42.9 42.5 42.94 40.9 41.78 42.61 42.69 43.39 43.99 42.32 41.82 43.06 41.57 42.83 40.48 44.39 42.39 42.48 42.13 42.10 42.02 41.62 42.92 41.62 42.92 42.16 42.10 44.23 47.66 42.10 47.66 45.95 45.95 43.28 39.91 43.28 43.28 41.60 41.60

EQM (%) 39.08 41.38 38.71 38.06 41.95 40.65 37.97 38.78 38.24 36.59 41.05 41.47 39.47 39.30 41.11 43.50 42.81 38.56 39.89 43.13 43.41 37.33 38.95 37.58 39.23 37.35 35.94 35.8 39.24 38.54 41.75 47.75 42.1 40.76 41.94 40.23 48.73 42.88 41.5 43.37 41 43.93 44.55 42.37 35.80 48.73 40.63 40.71 38.51 38.71 39.74 37.95 38.34 37.95 39.74 38.65 38.51 39.46 42.42 38.51 42.42 40.94 40.94 39.29 35.50 39.29 39.29 37.40 37.40

Ash (%) 9.44 9.19 8.86 8.04 7.46 11.38 7.35 8.48 10.62 9.83 7.42 7.35 8.58 7.78 7.10 11.70 7.83 9.30 8.18 8.49 10.90 8.59 9.11 7.63 8.84 6.89 8.85 8.07 8.88 8.28 8.39 7.68 8.69 9.13 8.42 7.94 8.74 7.27 7.26 8.54 8.63 7.43 8.73 8.56 6.89 11.70 8.54 8.52 9.12 6.28 7.38 5.87 6.09 5.87 9.12 6.95 6.28 8.32 10.22 6.28 10.22 9.27 9.27 8.51 12.60 8.51 12.60 10.56 10.56

HT Butte HT Butte HT Butte HT Butte HT Butte

HT BUTTE SEAM SUMMARY 14.6 11.0 20.5 17.0

E E

E SEAM SUMMARY 25.8 28.0 27.9 30.0

E1 E1

E1 SEAM SUMMARY

% = weight percent EQM = Equilibrium Moisture

CaO = Calcium Oxide Na2O = Sodium Oxide

BTU = British Thermal Units BTU/lb = British Thermal Unit per pound

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SHSH-1001/063-2212A

TABLE 2.3-21 SUMMARY OF COAL ANALYSIS OF ROTARY BOREHOLES FOR 2006, 2007, AND 2010 DRILLING COAL QUALITY As-Received Basis Ash Sulfur BTU Sodium (%) (%) (Btu/lb) (%) 18.1 0.78 4,622 5.5 10.5 0.94 5,687 7.7 9.8 0.72 5,810 6.9 16.6 0.65 4,998 5.1 37.6 1.11 2,458 2.2 15.3 0.54 4,880 4.7 22.9 1.03 4,670 3.8 17.5 0.89 3,982 4.3 11.0 0.64 5,000 6.4 12.3 0.57 5,676 5.0 14.7 0.66 4,228 4.0 17.2 0.91 3,447 5.7 11.0 0.75 5,829 7.7 15.8 1.25 5,428 5.6 14.7 0.67 5,415 2.9 13.1 1.19 4,462 3.6 12.5 0.72 4,490 2.9 28.1 0.97 4,413 2.4 18.7 0.40 4,664 3.4 15.7 0.86 3,941 1.9 16.3 0.61 4,793 2.3 14.7 0.72 5,767 4.8 27.4 0.63 4,290 2.9 14.4 1.11 5,725 5.1 17.5 0.62 3,844 3.6 29.9 0.53 4,501 2.9 19.0 0.45 5,228 4.2 12.2 0.78 5,665 2.6 13.9 0.96 4,631 3.7 10.8 0.79 5,650 4.6 14.2 1.26 4,405 3.8 34.1 1.40 2,786 2.5 18.0 1.30 4,667 2.7 30.6 0.91 2,592 2.5 13.3 1.11 4,115 3.9 12.6 1.88 4,201 4.8 10.1 1.06 4,337 5.2 10.7 0.71 4,140 5.8 10.9 0.48 4,089 3.5 10.1 0.76 4,122 5.7 9.9 0.62 4,157 5.5 7.8 0.54 4,337 7.1 13.2 1.01 3,829 5.2 25.7 0.88 3,096 1.6 10.4 0.49 4,108 5.8 9.5 0.57 4,053 6.7 14.1 1.06 3,888 1.4 10.2 0.52 3,974 5.8 12.4 0.77 3,787 3.0 12.8 0.56 3,960 2.5 57.9 0.17 938 1.0 15.1 0.57 3,842 2.5 15.2 0.94 3,843 4.2 13.4 0.78 4,087 5.0 26.3 1.03 3,734 1.9 47.6 0.87 1,001 1.3 31.8 0.48 2,802 1.2 12.9 0.57 3,744 3.3 14.5 1.09 3,966 3.2 20.2 0.66 3,490 3.4 20.5 0.91 3,480 3.1 58.8 0.97 1,231 1.0 13.9 0.55 3,741 3.1 24.0 0.41 2,714 1.4 65.7 0.49 556 1.1 25.8 0.37 2,314 2.0 12.2 0.43 3,161 1.0 19.1 1.09 3,377 2.5 16.2 0.46 3,875 3.1 28.8 3.00 2,972 2.9 27.9 4.06 2,768 2.7 30.0 2.82 2,524 2.5 27.7 0.94 2,992 3.5 19.6 1.98 3,515 3.6 10.5 0.47 4,217 5.7 7.8 0.2 556 1.0 65.7 4.1 5,829 7.7 19.4 0.9 3,970 3.7 15.2 0.8 4,087 3.5 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1 12.4 10.3 10.4 21.8 11.1 30.5 10.3 30.5 16.1 11.8 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.48 1.06 1.17 0.81 0.99 4.52 0.8 4.52 1.7 1.1 2,395 2,395 2,395 2,395 2,395 3,202 4,526 3,013 2,902 3,631 2,588 2588.0 4525.50 3310.2 3107.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.1 4.7 2.2 3.2 6.8 2.2 2.2 6.76 3.9 3.7

Hole Number SHOB-01R SHOB-03R SHOB-04R SHOB-05R SHOB-06B SHOB-07R SHOB-08R SHOB-09R SHOB-11R SHOB-13R SHOB-17R SHOB-18R SHOB-19R SHOB-20R SHOB-22R SHOB-23R SHOB-24R SHOB-26R SHOB-27R SHOB-28R SHOB-29R SHOB-31R SHOB-32R SHOB-33R SHOB-35R SHOB-36R SHOB-37R SHOB-38R SHOB-39R SHOB-40R SHOB-42R SHOB-43R SHOB-45R SHOB-46R SHOB-48R SHOB-101 SHOB-102 SHOB-103 SHOB-104 SHOB-105 SHOB-106 SHOB-107 SHOB-108 SHOB-109 SHOB-110 SHOB-111 SHOB-112 SHOB-113 SHOB-114 SHOB-115 SHOB-116 SHOB-117 SHOB-118 SHOB-119 SHOB-120 SHOB-121 SHOB-122 SHOB-123 SHOB-124 SHOB-125 SHOB-126 SHOB-130 SHOB-132 SHOB-133 SHOB-135 SHOB-136 SHOB-137 SHOB-141 SHOB-143 SHOB-201 SHOB-201 SHOB-201 SHOB-202 SHOB-202 SHOB-202 MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN SHOB-08R MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN SHOB-103 SHOB-104 SHOB-105 SHOB-107 SHOB-113 SHOB-201 MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN

Depth From (feet) 55 60 40 45 50 45 70 80 65 35 105 95 45 40 40 75 65 60 60 75 55 120 125 45 45 80 65 45 55 25 35 70 40 65 120 80 35 75 90 80 75 90 65 70 75 40 90 95 45 60 40 50 50 110 65 50 30 50 45 105 120 25 60 45 25 40 35 85 65 130 135 140 80 85 90 To (feet) 75 75 55 65 65 65 85 95 80 45 120 115 55 55 55 90 80 75 75 90 70 135 145 60 70 95 80 55 70 35 55 90 55 85 135 85 50 90 100 95 90 105 85 85 90 55 110 110 60 75 55 65 70 120 80 70 50 65 65 120 130 40 75 65 40 60 50 95 80 135 140 145 85 90 95

Seam Thickness (feet) 20 15 15 20 15 20 15 15 15 10 15 20 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 20 15 25 15 15 10 15 10 20 20 15 20 15 5 15 15 10 15 15 15 20 15 15 15 20 15 15 15 15 15 20 10 15 20 20 15 20 15 10 15 15 20 15 20 15 10 15 5 5 5 5 5 5

Seam Name D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

D SEAM

Total Moisture (%) 43.3 42.8 42.1 41.8 39.2 44.3 37.9 49.2 47.7 40.6 50.9 54.1 41.4 39.7 40.2 50.2 50.8 34.2 42.4 51.5 44.3 37.6 36.5 39.3 50.4 32.0 37.6 40.6 48.1 42.0 49.5 42.5 43.7 46.7 52.6 55.9 54.8 55.3 55.9 56.6 56.6 56.8 55.4 48.4 56.1 57.3 54.4 57.5 55.1 54.7 32.7 53.3 53.4 53.2 42.7 43.4 44.8 55.6 53.9 51.3 51.3 29.5 54.5 52.6 25.6 54.5 61.7 53.3 51.4 47.1 47.6 48.5 47.3 51.2 54.5 25.6 61.7 47.6 49.2 42.7 42.7 42.7 42.7 42.7 53.4 45.3 57.3 47.0 55.3 47.0 45.3 57.3 50.9 50.2

Ash (%) 31.4 18.4 16.9 28.8 61.6 27.9 36.8 33.6 21.1 20.7 29.7 37.1 18.7 25.7 24.4 26.0 24.9 42.4 32.2 31.5 27.3 23.4 42.9 23.6 34.6 43.9 30.3 20.5 26.8 18.6 27.2 59.0 30.6 56.7 28.1 27.4 22.1 23.9 24.6 23.0 22.7 18.1 28.4 49.6 23.5 22.1 31.0 23.9 27.7 27.7 86.0 32.5 32.3 28.4 45.9 84.1 57.2 28.8 31.1 39.9 41.0 83.2 30.4 49.5 88.3 56.6 31.6 40.2 33.2 54.5 53.3 58.3 52.6 40.1 23.1 16.9 88.3 35.7 30.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 26.7 18.8 24.3 39.8 24.9 57.5 18.8 57.50 32.0 25.8

Dry Basis Sulfur BTU (%) (Btu/lb) 1.33 8,205 1.62 9,940 1.24 10,048 1.13 8,564 1.83 4,091 0.97 8,712 1.67 7,540 1.80 7,949 1.23 9,570 0.96 9,562 1.34 8,626 2.01 7,570 1.28 9,959 2.04 9,064 1.12 9,079 2.47 9,001 1.49 9,175 1.45 6,745 0.72 8,125 1.75 8,240 1.18 8,872 1.15 9,256 0.99 6,792 1.81 9,437 1.22 7,866 0.78 6,636 0.73 8,395 1.32 9,546 1.77 8,902 1.36 9,739 2.42 8,851 2.44 4,874 2.37 8,465 1.72 4,933 2.36 8,689 4.08 9,111 2.30 9,653 1.58 9,267 1.08 9,267 1.75 9,522 1.44 9,589 1.26 10,034 2.13 8,736 1.65 6,026 1.13 9,365 1.34 9,515 2.32 8,533 1.23 9,363 1.73 8,401 1.25 8,801 0.25 1,404 1.23 8,226 2.07 8,284 1.65 8,742 2.11 6,536 1.54 1,771 0.89 5,141 1.31 8,480 2.37 8,649 1.33 7,382 1.80 7,248 1.38 1,760 1.19 8,252 0.90 5,894 0.66 749 0.81 5,100 1.12 8,286 2.34 7,312 0.94 7,998 5.67 5,619 7.75 5,284 5.48 4,903 1.78 5,676 4.05 7,196 1.03 9,275 0.3 749 7.8 10,048 1.7 7,752 1.4 8,465 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 3.18 1.94 2.74 1.51 2.21 8.53 1.5 8.53 3.4 2.5 4,275 4,275 4,275 4,275 4,275 6,873 8,276 7,048 5,611 8,120 4,887 4887.0 8276.00 6802.4 6960.5

250

260

10

HT Butte

HT BUTTE SEAM

10 10 7.5 12.5 12.5 60

12.5 15 10 17.5 15 65

2.5 5 2.5 5 2.5 5

E E E E E E

E SEAM

BTU/lb = British Thermal Unit per pound

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